Inhibitory learning and memory in newborn rats influenced by nitric oxide

Prenatal development of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity in the human hippocampal formation

“…The induction of neuronal NOS expression is also seen in the development of primary cultures of neuronal precursor cells (Ogura et al, 1996). NO synthetic inhibitors affect certain forms of learning, memory processing and retrieval, and the generation of long-term potentiation in neonatal and adult animals Estall et al, 1992;Holscher and Rose, 1993;Izumi et al, 1992;Bohme et al, 1993;Haley et al, 1993;Ohno et al, 1993;Myslivecek et al, 1996). On the other hand, though neuronal NOS knockout mice develop a normal nervous system, the lack of detectable gross anatomical and behavioral abnormalities does not preclude subtle effects on the fine structure and functions of the neurons in these animals (Huang et al, 1993).…”

“…Also, the pattern of hippocampal and cortical NADPH-d neurons in schizophrenics is significantly different from that of normal subjects, suggesting that the origin of this disorder may arise from an abnormality of fetal neuronal development in the cerebral cortex (Akbarian et al, 1993a(Akbarian et al, ,b, 1996. Furthermore, blocking NO availability in newborn rats affects their learning, memory and retrieval capability (Ohno et al, 1993;Myslivecek et al, 1996). Since there are no data concerning the normal development of NADPH-d/NOS neurons in the human temporal lobe, we characterized the timing of onset, morphological features and distribution pattern of NADPH-d reactive somata and processes in the human hippocampal formation from 15 weeks of gestation to term.…”

Effects of the nitric oxide donor molsidomine on different memory components as assessed in the object-recognition task in the rat

“…Reportedly, NO was not involved in retrieval formation in olfactory memory task in the adult sheep (Kendrick et al 1997), in the newborn rat (Samana and Boehm 1999), and in a passive avoidance test in the mouse (Telegdy and Kokavszky 1997). In contrast, involvement of NO in the retrieval of information was reported in inhibitory memory tasks performed in the newborn rat (Myslivecek et al 1996) and in the adult rat (Sudha et al 2001).…”

NADPH-diaphorase in the Developing Brain of the Degu (Octodon Degus). Relation to Aminergic Transmitters.

“…Several experiments in rodents and in primates showed that the PFC is involved in working memory [9, 13,14], social behavior [6,8,29] response learning [7] and in juvenile learning processes [24]. The putative retrograde transmitter NO is considered to be involved in learning and memory processes [4,33] and seems also to influence juvenile learning [19,20]. The appearance of a relatively mature nitridergic system in the mPFC of newborn degus and the local interaction of TH-and 5-HT fibers with NADPH-d containing neurons support the idea that the diffusible transmitter nitric oxide could play a role in juvenile learning processes as was described for rats [19].…”

“…The putative retrograde transmitter NO is considered to be involved in learning and memory processes [4,33] and seems also to influence juvenile learning [19,20]. The appearance of a relatively mature nitridergic system in the mPFC of newborn degus and the local interaction of TH-and 5-HT fibers with NADPH-d containing neurons support the idea that the diffusible transmitter nitric oxide could play a role in juvenile learning processes as was described for rats [19]. Dopaminergic and nitridergic mechanisms may interact by improving learning and memory processes [20], however, more detailed investigations are required to evaluate such mechanisms in juvenile filial learning of degus.…”