Initial characterization of four cytomegalovirus strains isolated from chimpanzees

Swinkels, B.W.; Geelen, J. L. M. C.; Dillen, Pauline Wertheim-van; Es, Ankhimova; Noordaa, J. van der

doi:10.1007/bf01309376

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is consistent with the size measured by electron microscopy (Swinkels et al, 1984). The genome components are: U L , 199 351 bp; U S , 35 753 bp; R L , 687 bp; R S , 2453 bp; a sequence (part of R L and R S ), 297 bp.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome FN1

Davison¹,

Dolan²,

Akter³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

367

229

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The gene complement of wild-type human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is incompletely understood, on account of the size and complexity of the viral genome and because laboratory strains have undergone deletions and rearrangements during adaptation to growth in culture. We have determined the sequence (241 087 bp) of chimpanzee cytomegalovirus (CCMV) and have compared it with published HCMV sequences from the laboratory strains AD169 and Toledo, with the aim of clarifying the gene content of wild-type HCMV. The HCMV and CCMV genomes are moderately diverged and essentially collinear. On the basis of conservation of potential proteincoding regions and other sequence features, we have discounted 51 previously proposed HCMV ORFs, modified the interpretations for 24 (including assignments of multiple exons) and proposed ten novel genes. Several errors were detected in the published HCMV sequences. We presently recognize 165 genes in CCMV and 145 in AD169; this compares with an estimate of 189 unique genes for AD169 made in 1990. Our best estimate for the complement of wild-type HCMV is 164 to 167 genes. INTRODUCTIONHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV; human herpesvirus 5) is ubiquitous and largely inapparent, but poses a risk of serious disease to those lacking a competent immune system, such as neonates, transplant patients and sufferers from AIDS (reviewed in Pass, 2001). HCMV is the prototype of subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, and is the most complex of the eight human herpesvirus species. HCMV is isolated routinely on human fibroblast cell lines, and several strains in common laboratory use, such as AD169 and Towne, were derived by multiple passages on such cells (reviewed in Mocarski & Tan Courcelle, 2001).The linear, double-stranded DNA genome of AD169 comprises two covalently linked segments (L and S), each consisting of a unique region (U L and U S ) flanked by an inverted repeat (TR L and IR L , TR S and IR S ), yielding the overall genome configuration TR L -U L -IR L -IR S -U S -TR S (reviewed in Mocarski & Tan Courcelle, 2001). In addition, the genome is terminally redundant, possessing a short region (the a sequence) as a direct repeat at the termini and also in inverse orientation at the IR L -IR S junction. Some genomes contain tandemly reiterated copies of the a sequence at these locations. U L and U S can invert relative to each other by recombination between inverted repeats in replicating DNA, resulting in four equimolar genome arrangements in virion DNA. The complete DNA sequence of AD169 was published in a seminal paper by Chee et al. (1990), and at that time was the largest viral genome sequence available. The total genome size was 229 354 bp, with U L being 166 972 bp, U S 35 418 bp, R L (a collective term for TR L and IR L ) 11 247 bp, R S (TR S and IR S ) 2524 bp and the a sequence (part of R L and R S in the sizes given above) 578 bp.As a primary criterion for identifying protein-coding regions, Chee et al. (1990) focused on open reading frames (ORFs) of 100 or more contiguous amino acidencoding codons that ov...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome FN1

Davison¹,

Dolan²,

Akter³

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

367

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A group-common antigen has been defined for primate cytomegaloviruses (Weiner & Gibson, 1981), and cross-reactivity of human and chimpanzee CMV antigens has been observed by using immunofluorescence methods (Swinkels et al, 1984). In the course of studies examining the proliferative response of lymphocytes isolated from chimpanzees, we observed proliferation in response to antigens presented by HCMV.…”

Section: Primary Chimpanzee Skin Fibroblast Cells Are Fully Permissivmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The species specificity exhibited by HCMV has inhibited the development of vaccine strategies designed to prevent the disease associated with infection. However, it might be difficult to find a seronegative chimpanzee owing to the high rate of seropositivity reported for chimpanzees (Swinkels et al, 1984).…”

Section: Primary Chimpanzee Skin Fibroblast Cells Are Fully Permissivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary chimpanzee skin fibroblast cells are fully permissive for human cytomegalovirus replication

Perot¹,

Walker²,

Spaete³

1992

Journal of General Virology

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“…The majority of the tested primate individuals had mixed infections. All CMVs were provisionally named and are listed with their host species and GenBank accession numbers in Tables 1 and 2. Among the great apes, chimpanzees are the only hosts for which CMVs have been described previously (Alcendor & Hayward, 2008;Eberle & Hilliard, 1989;McCarthy & Tosolini, 1975;Swinkels et al, 1984). A CMV-like infection in a captive lowland gorilla has been reported previously, but solely on the basis of histopathological findings (Tsuchiya et al, 1970).…”

Section: De Novo Detection Of Novel Cmvsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Novel cytomegaloviruses in free-ranging and captive great apes: phylogenetic evidence for bidirectional horizontal transmission

Leendertz

Deckers

Schempp

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Wild great apes often suffer from diseases of unknown aetiology. This is among the causes of population declines. Because human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals, a search for cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) in deceased wild and captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans was performed. By using a degenerate PCR targeting four conserved genes (UL54-UL57), several distinct, previously unrecognized CMVs were found for each species. Sequences of up to 9 kb were determined for ten novel CMVs, located in the UL54-UL57 block. A phylogenetic tree was inferred for the ten novel CMVs, the previously characterized chimpanzee CMV, HCMV strains and Old World and New World monkey CMVs. The primate CMVs fell into four clades, containing New World monkey, Old World monkey, orang-utan and human CMVs, respectively, plus two clades that each contained both chimpanzee and gorilla isolates (termed CG1 and CG2). The tree loci of the first four clades mirrored those for their respective hosts in the primate tree, suggesting that these CMV lineages arose through cospeciation with host lineages. The CG1 and CG2 loci corresponded to those of the gorilla and chimpanzee hosts, respectively. This was interpreted as indicating that CG1 and CG2 represented CMV lineages that had arisen cospeciationally with the gorilla and chimpanzee lineages, respectively, with subsequent transfer within each clade between the host genera. Divergence dates were estimated and found to be consistent with overall cospeciational development of major primate CMV lineages. However, CMV transmission between chimpanzees and gorillas in both directions has also occurred.

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Initial characterization of four cytomegalovirus strains isolated from chimpanzees

Abstract: Cytomegalovirus was isolated from chimpanzees. The chimpanzee CMV showed a strong antigenic relationship with human CMV. The genome of the chimpanzee CMV was found to have a molecular weight of 147 +/- 11.3 X 10(6) and showed partial homology to human CMV DNA.

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome FN1

The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome FN1

Primary chimpanzee skin fibroblast cells are fully permissive for human cytomegalovirus replication

Novel cytomegaloviruses in free-ranging and captive great apes: phylogenetic evidence for bidirectional horizontal transmission

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