Initial interaction of herpes simplex virus with cells is binding to heparan sulfate

Abstract

We have shown that cell surface heparan sulfate serves as the initial receptor for both serotypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). We found that virions could bind to heparin, a related glycosaminoglycan, and that heparin blocked virus adsorption. Agents known to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate blocked viral adsorption and infection. Enzymatic digestion of cell surface heparan sulfate but not of dermatan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate concomitantly reduced the binding of virus to the cells and rendered the cells resistant to infection. Although cell surface heparan sulfate was required for infection by HSV types 1 and 2, the two serotypes may bind to heparan sulfate with different affinities or may recognize different structural features of heparan sulfate. Consistent with their broad host ranges, the two HSV serotypes use as primary receptors ubiquitous cell surface components known to participate in interactions with the extracellular matrix and with other cell surfaces.

Bovine whey proteins – Overview on their main biological properties

“…Except in the case of simian rotavirus (Superti & Donelli, 1995), another mechanism hypothesized for binding of BLF to host cells is via a receptor (or co-receptor) -such as heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), which prevent binding of the virus thereto, and subsequent infection of the host cell (Laquerre et al, 1998). Recently, Marchetti, Trybala, Superti, Johansson, and Bergströ m (2004) elucidated the mechanism of BLF antiviral activity against HSV-1 infection initiates infection of cells via binding to it glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (WuDunn & Spear, 1989), which are composed of repeating (specifically sulphated) disaccharide units. BLF binds specifically to the two common classes, heparan sulfate (HS) and/or chondroitin sulfate (CS), on cell surfaces -hence occupying moieties that would function as initial receptors for said virus.…”

Growth behavior of bovine herpesvirus-1 in permissive and semi-permissive cells

“…One adsorption mechanism is through the interaction between viral glycoproteins (gC and gB) and heparan sulfate on the cell surface. This adsorption mechanism is inhibited by heparin (WuDunn and Spear, 1989). The other adsorption mechanism, which is not inhibited by heparin, is not well understood (Lee and Fuller, 1993).…”

The antiviral activity of naturally occurring proteins and their peptide fragments after chemical modification

“…All the 3-HP-proteins inhibited efficiently the infection of Vero cells when present during infection with HSV-1, that is at the stages of adsorption and the penetration of the virion particles into the cells. Several viral glycoproteins such as gB, gC, gD and the corresponding receptors present in the cell membrane are responsible for adsorption and penetration (WuDunn and Spear, 1989;Herold et al, 1991;Shieh et al, 1992;Trybala et al, 1994;Marchetti et al, 1996;Cocchi et al, 2001). This might imply that the antiviral activity of the 3-HP-proteins, when present during infection, is based on an interaction of the compounds with such viral glycoproteins.…”