Initial Licking Responses of Mice to Sweeteners: Effects of Tas1r3 Polymorphisms

Glendinning, John I.; Chyou, Susan; Lin, Ivy; Onishi, Maika; Patel, Puja; Zheng, Kun Hao

doi:10.1093/chemse/bji054

Cited by 61 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Another factor considered was effectiveness at evoking gustatory responses, so when possible concentrations were chosen that evoke CT responses at least one-half as large as the response to 100 mM NH 4 Cl (Inoue et al, 2001). In addition, all of the sweeteners were used at concentrations equal or close to those which are consumed to a greater extent by B6 than 129 mice in 48 h two-bottle tests with water , although 500 mM sucrose, 1 mM SC-45647, and 750 mM glycine are consumed more avidly by 129 mice in short-term intake tests (Dotson and Spector, 2004;Glendinning et al, 2005). The amino acids were included based on evidence that they taste sweet to mice, but the previous data on them are complex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former consume larger volumes of diverse sweeteners in 48 h tests ) and have larger whole-nerve chorda tympani (CT) responses to sweeteners (Inoue et al, 2001), as one would expect if these compounds taste sweeter to the B6 strain. However, in short-duration paradigms designed to emphasize the role of gustation, B6 mice have smaller intakes of some concentrations of the sweeteners sucrose and SC-45647 than do 129 mice (Dotson and Spector, 2004;Glendinning et al, 2005). This discrepancy may arise because the large 48 h intakes of B6 mice are driven by postingestive effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taste-Evoked Responses to Sweeteners in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Differ between C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J Mice

McCaughey¹

2007

J. Neurosci.

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C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) mice have different alleles of Tas1r3, which is thought to influence gustatory transduction of sweeteners, but studies have provided conflicting results regarding differences in sweetness perception between these strains. Single-unit taste-evoked activity was measured in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in anesthetized B6 and 129 mice to address this controversy and to provide the first electrophysiological characterization of this nucleus in mice. Neurons had properties similar to those of NST cells in other species, including mean breadth-of-tuning of 0.8 Ϯ 0.0. There were no strain differences in neural responses at 600 or 900 ms after onset, but, with a 5 s evoked period, responses to the sweeteners sucrose, maltose, acesulfame-K, SC-45647, and D-phenylalanine were significantly larger in B6 relative to 129 mice. The strains did not differ in their mean response to NaSaccharin, but it evoked an across-neuron pattern of activity that was more similar to that of sucrose and less similar to that of NaCl in B6 mice compared with 129 mice. Neurons were classified as sucrose, NaCl, or HCl responsive, with the former more common in B6 than 129 mice. Relative to other neurons, sucrose-responsive cells had delayed but more sustained sweetener responses in both strains. The results suggest that B6 mice perceive some sweeteners as more intense, but NaSaccharin as sweeter and less salty, relative to 129 mice. Furthermore, activity evoked by sweeteners includes a phasic response sent to different NST cells than a later tonic response, and only the latter differs between B6 and 129 mice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste-Evoked Responses to Sweeteners in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Differ between C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J Mice

McCaughey¹

2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…Saccharide acceptance (total intake) and preference (relative intake) are influenced by both taste and post-oral factors. To minimize post-oral factors, a brief-access (60 s) two-bottle test was used (10). Because intake volumes are very low in such short tests, licking responses to the saccharide and water sipper spouts rather than intakes were recorded.…”

Section: Experiments 1: 60-s Two-bottle Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective elimination of these receptor proteins in knockout mice attenuates or completely blocks the behavioral and gustatory nerve responses to sugars and artificial sweeteners (7,40). Further, allelic variation in the Tas1r3 gene, which codes for the T1R3 protein (3,(17)(18)(19)24), contributes to strain differences in sensitivity (9), lick responsiveness (8,10), peripheral taste nerve responsiveness (11), and daily intake and preference (11,22) for sugars and artificial sweeteners.…”

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confidence: 99%

T1R3 taste receptor is critical for sucrose but not Polycose taste

Zukerman

Glendinning²,

Margolskee³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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119

167

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Zukerman S, Glendinning JI, Margolskee RF, Sclafani A. T1R3 taste receptor is critical for sucrose but not Polycose taste. In addition to their well-known preference for sugars, mice and rats avidly consume starch-derived glucose polymers (e.g., Polycose). T1R3 is a component of the mammalian sweet taste receptor that mediates the preference for sugars and artificial sweeteners in mammals. We examined the role of the T1R3 receptor in the ingestive response of mice to Polycose and sucrose. In 60-s two-bottle tests, knockout (KO) mice preferred Polycose solutions (4 -32%) to water, although their overall preference was lower than WT mice (82% vs. 94%). KO mice also preferred Polycose (0.5-32%) in 24-h two-bottle tests, although less so than WT mice at dilute concentrations (0.5-4%). In contrast, KO mice failed to prefer sucrose to water in 60-s tests. In 24-h tests, KO mice were indifferent to 0.5-8% sucrose, but preferred 16 -32% sucrose; this latter result may reflect the post-oral effects of sucrose. Overall sucrose preference and intake were substantially less in KO mice than WT mice. However, when retested with 0.5-32% sucrose solutions, the KO mice preferred all sucrose concentrations, although they drank less sugar than WT mice. The experience-induced sucrose preference is attributed to a post-oral conditioned preference for the T1R3-independent orosensory features of the sugar solutions (odor, texture, T1R2-mediated taste). Chorda tympani nerve recordings revealed virtually no response to sucrose in KO mice, but a near-normal response to Polycose. These results indicate that the T1R3 receptor plays a critical role in the tastemediated response to sucrose but not Polycose.preference; C57BL/6J mice; chorda tympani nerve; saccharin; postoral conditioning THE TASTE OF SUGAR IS HIGHLY attractive to humans and many other animal species. Studies of inbred mouse strains led to the identification of the T1R2 and T1R3 receptor proteins that dimerize to form a sweet taste receptor (1). Selective elimination of these receptor proteins in knockout mice attenuates or completely blocks the behavioral and gustatory nerve responses to sugars and artificial sweeteners (7, 40). Further, allelic variation in the Tas1r3 gene, which codes for the T1R3 protein (3,(17)(18)(19)24), contributes to strain differences in sensitivity (9), lick responsiveness (8, 10), peripheral taste nerve responsiveness (11), and daily intake and preference (11, 22) for sugars and artificial sweeteners.Sugars are not the only carbohydrates that have an attractive taste to some nonhuman species. Twenty years ago, our laboratory published a series of papers demonstrating that rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils are strongly attracted to the taste of starch-derived glucose polymers such as Polycose and other maltodextrins (26). Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence indicates that Polycose and sucrose have qualitatively distinct taste sensations in rodents. For example, aversions conditioned to Polycose or sucrose do not cross-generalize, and some ta...

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“…This strain is characterized by a form of the T1R3 taste receptor that is ineffective at binding sugars (Nie et al 2005), and 129 mice have small taste-evoked responses to sweeteners in the CT and NST compared with B6 mice (Inoue et al 2001;McCaughey 2007). However, there is a discrepancy between these findings and the results of short-term licking tests, in which 129 mice lick mid-to-high concentrations of sweeteners to the same extent as B6 mice (Dotson and Spector 2004;Glendinning et al 2005). Our findings may help to resolve this issue, because we observed that sucrose responses were large in B cells of 129 mice, but small in B cells of B6 mice.…”

Section: Bursting By Nst Cells May Increase Their Impact On Postsynapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem

Baird

Tordoff

McCaughey

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Baird JP, Tordoff MG, McCaughey SA. Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem. J Neurophysiol 113: 2434-2446, 2015. First published January 21, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00862.2014.-Neurons that fire in bursts have been well-characterized in vision and other neural systems, but not in taste systems. We therefore examined whether brain stem gustatory neurons fire in bursts during spontaneous activity and, if so, whether such cells differ from nonbursting cells in other characteristics. We looked at neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) mice, and in the NST and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Many NST cells fired frequently with short intervals characteristic of bursting, and such neurons differed from others in their responsiveness to taste compounds. In B6 mice and rats, there was a significant positive correlation between the prevalence of short-interval firing and the net spikes evoked by application of NaCl. In contrast, in 129 mice the prevalence of short intervals was positively correlated with the size of sucrose responses. We also compared breadth-of-tuning measures based on counting either all spikes or only those following short intervals, and we found narrower tuning for the latter in the NST of B6 mice and rats. There was little evidence of spontaneous bursting in the rat PBN, and firing patterns in this nucleus were not related to the size of taste-evoked responses. We suggest that bursting may be a strategy employed by the NST to amplify the postsynaptic impact of particular taste stimuli, depending on an animal's needs. Another function may be to sharpen breadth-of-tuning and thus enhance the contrast between stimuli of different taste qualities.

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Initial Licking Responses of Mice to Sweeteners: Effects of Tas1r3 Polymorphisms

Cited by 61 publications

References 74 publications

Taste-Evoked Responses to Sweeteners in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Differ between C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J Mice

Taste-Evoked Responses to Sweeteners in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Differ between C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J Mice

T1R3 taste receptor is critical for sucrose but not Polycose taste

Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem

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