Initial oxidation of silver surfaces by S2−and S4+ species

Kleber, Christoph; Wiesinger, Rita; Schnöller, Johannes; Hilfrich, Uwe; Hutter, Herbert; Schreiner, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2007.12.001

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Throughout diagnostic procedures, scientists can depict the conservative status of any object and – with a complete knowledge of physical and chemical processes – can often propose possibilities of monitoring or even reducing the corrosivity of an environment and protect the artifacts from corrosive agents. Several papers have already been published concerning the identification of long‐term corrosion products on metals, their formation mechanisms and suitable surface analytical tools providing most useful results. Recently, it has been decided to apply micro‐Raman spectroscopy (RM) as surface, molecular, qualitative and non‐destructive analytical technique in order to identify silver corrosion products occurring in the early stages of atmospheric corrosion (0–24 h exposure).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Raman investigations of early stage silver corrosion products occurring in sulfur containing atmospheres

Martina

Wiesinger

Schreiner

2013

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Silver is a soft, lustrous metal with the highest electrical and thermal conductivity. Due to these properties, it has many applications as a precious material both in pure and alloy form (ornaments, jewellery, utensils, coins), but also in several technological fields, considering silver compounds (e.g. photography, electric and electronic industry). As a consequence of this, silver and its by‐products are regularly exposed to different atmospheres where a wide spectrum of agents (e.g. moisture, temperature, air pollutants, UV light) may cause metal corrosion and alteration of their surface characteristics and properties. The aim of this research is to deepen the potential and applicability of micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a surface‐sensitive technique to investigate the initial steps of atmospheric corrosion throughout the identification of surface chemical reactions and corrosion products formed on silver substrates. In a previous study, micro‐Raman analysis was carried out on pure silver powder compounds, selected among the most expected corrosion products occurring on silver substrates, in order to optimize experimental conditions and to obtain reference spectra [1]. Subsequently highly pure silver samples were exposed for 24 h to different controlled laboratory atmospheres (synthetic air, relative humidity, SO2, H2S), particularly focusing on sulfur containing gases, and the resulting surface reactions. The experiments highlight micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a highly surface‐sensitive technique enabling to detect both adsorbed chemical species and crystalline corrosion products of only several monolayers of thickness. Furthermore, these investigations could show the trends of primary and secondary corrosion mechanisms and their mutual interaction occurring on silver substrates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Raman investigations of early stage silver corrosion products occurring in sulfur containing atmospheres

Martina

Wiesinger

Schreiner

2013

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] Surface studies with AFM have been used to investigate corrosion of materials such as copper, 8,[17][18][19][20] steel, 21,22 iron 23,24 and silver. 25 Studies with AFM provide 3D topographic information for a wide range of surface materials with micron to nanometer resolution. High resolution AFM provides sensitive measurements for systematically investigating changes, enabling one to control a wide range of experimental parameters for surface treatments.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of pH, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Polyphosphates for the Initial Stages of Water Corrosion of Copper Surfaces Investigated by AFM and NEXAFS

Lewandowski¹,

Lusker²,

LeJeune³

et al. 2011

CheM

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Nanoscale studies at the early stages of the exposure of copper surfaces after systematic treatments in synthesized water solutions can provide useful information about corrosion processes. The corrosion and passivation of copper surfaces as influenced by pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and polyphosphate levels were investigated with nanoscale resolution, to gain insight about changes in surface morphology and the composition of adsorbates. Information regarding the surface morphology after chemical treatment was provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the corresponding chemical composition of treated surfaces was obtained with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Changes in the surface topography of copper samples were readily detected within only 6 to 24 hours of exposure to water solutions. Topographic views of surface changes are presented to compare the growth of adsorbate layers that take place during the evolution of mineral deposits. Slight changes in the pH and concentrations of phosphates in the water samples have a substantial impact on the rate of growth and composition of surface deposits. These studies provide insight on the mechanisms and resulting chemical constituents that lead to surface passivation or corrosion of copper, simulating conditions that occur in water distribution systems.

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“…exposure were identified only one product (AgNO 3 ) from nitrates anions as corrosion products on silver surface, Therefore this compound was expected of NO 2 gas, but analysis showed Silver ammine nitrate (Ag(NO 3 ) 3 (NO) 3 ).…”

Section: The Analysis Of Corrosion Products By X-ray Diffraction and mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gaseous Pollutants on Silver Artifacts Tarnishing

Salem¹

2017

OJAP

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The present work investigated the effect of the common gaseous pollutants on silver artifacts corrosion. The study will be carried out on manufactured coupons of silver alloy (91 silver, 9 copper) which have chemical composition similar to ancient Egyptian silver artifacts. These coupons will be exposed to gaseous pollutants of each individual gas; such as Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide and Chlorine. The exposure period will be four weeks in a climate chamber with gas concentration 10 PPM. After the test Examinations by SEM and PM were used to evaluate the effect of each gas and description the morphology of the corrosion layers. The results revealed that all gases reacted with the surface except carbon dioxide. The formed tarnishing layers varied in coverage and density rate. Corrosion products are analyzed by XRD and the results revealed Ag 2 S, AgCl, Ag 2 SO 4 and Ag 2 O as corrosion products.

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Initial oxidation of silver surfaces by S2−and S4+ species

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Micro‐Raman investigations of early stage silver corrosion products occurring in sulfur containing atmospheres

Micro‐Raman investigations of early stage silver corrosion products occurring in sulfur containing atmospheres

Impact of pH, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, and Polyphosphates for the Initial Stages of Water Corrosion of Copper Surfaces Investigated by AFM and NEXAFS

The Influence of Gaseous Pollutants on Silver Artifacts Tarnishing

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