Initial photocatalytic degradation intermediates/pathways of 17α-ethynylestradiol: Effect of pH and methanol

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of surface fluorinated TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of estrogens

“…Up to now, investigations on photocatalytic degradation of estrogens mainly focused commercial TiO 2 (P25) as catalysts [41][42][43]. To the best of our knowledge, the surface fluorinated TiO 2 /reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites have not been used to degrade estrogens.…”

Photocatalytic (UV-A/TiO2) degradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol in environmental matrices: Experimental studies and artificial neural network modeling

“…In further studies [10], a synthetic solution of E1, E2, EE2 and estriol was subjected to TiO 2 photocatalysis under UV-C or UV-A radiation in an annular photoreactor to model the radiation field and, subsequently, develop kinetic expressions independent of the reactor geometry and field. EE2 in pure water or in water:methanol mixture was photocatalytically oxidized to identify its major transformation intermediates and suggest possible degradation pathways [11]. The effect of adding ethanol and/or urea in aqueous solutions of E2 and EE2 on the extent of estrogen adsorption onto titania particles and subsequent photodegradation was evaluated in other studies [12].…”

“…Although the aforementioned studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] are important describing mostly experimental work in the area, they have exclusively been carried out in model aqueous solutions and/or at conditions that are far from those typically met in environmental samples (e.g. presence of organic solvents, estrogen concentrations at the mg/L level, highly acidic or alkaline conditions, etc.).…”

“…A pilot system comprising a slurry photocatalytic reactor and a microfiltration membrane was tested to treat a mixture of 32 pharmaceuticals and EDCs (including five estrogen hormones) spiked in drinking water; emphasis was given on the effective removal of target compounds and associated estrogenicity in relation to energy consumption of the UV lamps [13]. Besides TiO 2 photocatalysis [9][10][11][12][13], the use of iron oxide-coated resins for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation of E2 in distilled water has been reported [14,15].…”

A review of solar and visible light active TiO2 photocatalysis for treating bacteria, cyanotoxins and contaminants of emerging concern

“…17-α-ethynylestradiol, a commonly used synthetic estrogenic steroid, is excreted into the environment through the use of oral contraceptive pills and is known to be responsible for altering the reproduction of fish and effecting the sustainability of some fish species [154][155][156][157]. Numerous studies into the removal of this steroid from various water sources have been conducted [158], including the use of UV irradiation [159][160][161] and more recently, solar irradiation with the photocatalyst TiO 2 [135,139,[161][162][163]. Oliveira et al [135] studied the use of a TiO 2 /WO 3 system, deposited on electrodes, for the remediation of EE2 from aqueous solutions using solar irradiation.…”