Initial screening studies on potential of high phenolic-linked plant clonal systems for nitrate removal in cold latitudes

Abstract

Purpose Nitrate removal is a major challenge in drinking water systems and is more acute in colder latitudes due to low metabolic conversion rates of biological systems. To achieve rapid nitrate removal, designed plant systems in greenhouse microenvironments has potential. In such localized controlled microenvironments, higher temperatures can be managed for plant growth in an appropriate growth medium through which nitrate-contaminated water is fed for denitrification. Materials and methods In the overall strategy to develop effective plant systems for controlled environment removal of nitrate pollution, we have developed plant tissue culture technologies to isolate cold tolerant plant species that can be grown in microenvironments. The use of novel tissue culture technologies allowed isolation of plant clonal lines of single seed phenotype origin that can be screened for cold tolerance and nitrate removal in aquatic systems. Such clonal lines were evaluated for nitrate tolerance in the range of 0-50 mM. Further, selected clonal lines were evaluated for nitrate reductaselinked phenolic-linked antioxidant and pentose phosphate pathways stimulation by measuring specific enzyme activity in the range of 0-10 mM. Results and discussion Such single seed plant clonal isolations were evaluated for nitrate removal in the range of 0-10 mM in laboratory systems. One group of plant species that hold promise for use in controlled greenhouse environments are species of the family Lamiaceae such as mints and oregano. Strategy for specific clonal screening and use in cold latitude plant-based and greenhouse systems for temperature control in the winter have been proposed. These enhanced nitrate removing clonal lines can use pentose phosphate pathway stimulation to optimize nitrate removal by likely providing the needs of NADPH that are also needed for phenolic antioxidant synthesis and stimulation of associated antioxidant enzyme responses. Conclusions High nitrate pollution removal clonal systems can be screened, and such clonal lines potentially use the pentose phosphate pathway and associated phenolic-linked antioxidant pathways to manage nitrate uptake through nitrate reductase. Such clonal systems have potential to be integrated into greenhouse systems to remove nitrate pollution in water and concurrently have the ability to grow value-added plants for diverse applications such as food herbs and medicinal use.

Plant Secondary Metabolites of Antiviral Properties a Rich Medicinal Source for Drug Discovery: A Mini Review

“…Likely monomer, dimer and polymer structures based on their structure the phenols are classified in to simple phenols, benzoquinones (C6); phenolic acid (C6-C1); phenylacetic acid, acetophenone (C6-C2); hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, phenylpropanes, chromones (C6-C3); napthoquinones (C6-C4); Xanthones (C6-C1-C6); stibenes, anthraquinones (C6-C2-C6); flavonoids, isoflavonoids (C6-C3-C6); lignans, neolignans (C6-C3)2; biflavonids (C6-C3-C6)2; lignins (C6-C3)n; catechol melanins (C6)n; condensed tannins (C6-C3-C6)n (Harborne, J.B. 1980). These compounds are synthesized by the combination of pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and shikimate pathway in plants (Lin et al, 2010).…”

Role of Clonal Integration among Different Environmental Conditions (A Review)

“…Intraspecific variation in salt tolerance has been described in wetland herbaceous species [43] Table 2). Increase in average temperature globally may disturb plant population in many terrestrial ecosystems [46] [47] [48] [49]. By the last century, the average atmospheric temperature has elevated by 0.74˚C [50].…”

“…By the end of the 21st century it is expected in East Asia, that there would be increase in air temperature by 3.3˚C [51]. While climate change may generally enhance the biomass production of grass population [49], as a result of climate change the response is species specific according to their functional type ( Table 2).…”

Evaluation of seed nitrate assimilation and stimulation of phenolic-linked antioxidant on pentose phosphate pathway and nitrate reduction in three feed-plant species

“…The conversion to ribulose -5 -phosphate along with generation of NADPH by G6PDH is the first committed step of pentose phosphate pathway [22]. Pentose phosphate pathway acted on the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways, accumulated phenolic phytochemicals in plants by direct generation or regulatory of the pathway [22][23][24]. Proline synthesis during microbial interaction and proline analogue treatment drives the utilization for NADPH and provide NADP+, which is cofactor for G6PDH [22,25].…”