“…These studies revealed that the oxidation of Cu results in nucleation of three-dimensional (3D) oxide islands on the metal surface which can grow and coalesce to form a continuous oxide film. Oxide islanding appears to be a common phenomenon for many pure metals such as Ni, Fe, Mo [21][22][23] and alloys such as Cu-Ni, Cu-Mn, Pd-Zn [5,10,11,24]. This work reports a detailed TEM study of the interface geometry, configuration and epitaxial relationships of Cu 2 O nanoislands formed from the early-stage oxidation of Cu(1 0 0) thin films.…”