Initial Studies of Mating Disruption of the Black headed Fire worm of Cranberries (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Developing Mating Disruption of Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Washington State

“…Mean emission rates from membrane dispensers aged 56 d in the field were from 0.87 to 1.10 mg/ d (Table 1). These values were similar to those previously reported for both the rope and spiral dispensers used in our tests (Knight 1996, Fitzpatrick et al 1995.…”

“…Yet, studies with Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott found no difference in either Zll-14:0Ac or a 94:6 blend with Z9-14:0Ac (A.L.K., unpublished data). Fitzpatrick et al (1995) found little improvement by adding 2 minor components to the major sex pheromone component, Zll-14:0Ac, of the blackheaded fireworm, Rhopobota naevana (Hubner), in spiral dispensers. Studies with the summerfruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm, in Switzerland indicated that disruption with Zll-14:0Ac from plastic and rubber tubing was as good as the complete 2-component blend (Charmillot 1989).…”

“…Emission rates of the 2 rope dispensers were determined similarly and are reported in Knight (1996). The emission rates from spiral dispensers were not determined but were estimated to be =1.0 mg/d (Fitzpatrick et al 1995).…”

“…bDatafromKnight (1996). c Data from I. Weatherston, personal communication, and estimated from Fitzpatrick et al (1995).…”

Hoplia equina(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Nontarget Capture Using 2-Tetradecanone–Baited Traps

“…However, solid-matrix dispensers (such as retrievable lures) of ketone pheromones and other pheromones that would not be tolerance-exempt in broadcast formulations are exempt from tolerance (U.S. EPA 1994), along with any inerts (U.S. EPA 1993). This consideration, along with the small acreages involved, prompted us to not consider broadcast pheromone formulations for mating disruption, a method that has been successful for two tortricid pests in cranberries (Fitzpatrick et al 1995, Polavarapu et al 2001. Recently, another scarab cranberry pest, the Oriental beetle [Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse)], has been disrupted experimentally in blueberry and ornamental nurseries with a microencapsulated mixture of enantiomers of (Z,E)7-tetradecen-2-one (Polavarapu et al 2002).…”