Initiation, maintenance and maturation of somatic embryos from thin apical dome sections in Pinus kesiya (Royle ex. Gord) promoted by partial desiccation and Gellan gum

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of Cleome rosea Vahl

“…The use of phytagel could reduce water availability in the culture medium and contribute to desiccation (Klimaszewska et al, 2000;Choudhury et al, 2008), similarly to the natural process that occurs in most zygotic embryos (Bradford, 1994). Reduced water availability seems to modulate embryo metabolism inducing the synthesis of proteins and enzymes found in germinating seeds and is considered by some authors as the most important factor to improve germination of SE (Malabadi et al, 2004).…”

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in date palm Phœnix dactylifera L., cv. Boufeggous is significantly improved by fine chopping and partial desiccation of embryogenic callus

“…Therefore, this technique could be integrated into other procedures to improve maturation frequency of somatic embryos. These include culturing embryogenic tissue on media supplemented with maltose, polyethylene glycol, ABA, and AC (Maruyama et al 2007), partial desiccation of embryogenic calli and higher concentration of gellan gum (Malabadi et al 2004), use of embryogenic suspension cultures (De Touchet et al 1991), culture of cell suspensions of embryogenic callus on temporary immersion bioreactor (Teisson and Alvard 1995) and addition of TDZ to the nutrient medium (Jones et al 2007). …”

“…As in the case of Indica rice (Chand and Sahrawat 2001) and Pinus kesiya (Malabadi et al 2004), it was found that desiccation treatment of embryogenic calli was necessary to induce somatic embryo maturation from date palm embryogenic callus. The results suggested that a complex relationship exists between the water content of embryogenic calli and maturation of somatic embryos.…”

“…The dishes were sealed with parafilm and kept at 27 ± 2°C in the dark for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h desiccation. The relative water content of embryogenic calli was calculated according to Malabadi et al (2004). After the desiccation treatments, the partially desiccated calli were transferred to medium M 1 supplemented with 0.1 mg l -1 AC for light culture.…”

In VitroCloning of Date PalmPhoenix DactyliferaL., Cv. Deglet Bey by Using Embryogenic Suspension and Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB)

“…The dishes were sealed with parafilm and kept at 27±2°C in the dark for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h desiccation. The relative water content of embryos was calculated according to Malabadi et al (22). After the desiccation treatments, cotyledonary somatic embryos were transferred to germination medium for light culture.…”