Initiation of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)

Abstract

Embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) have been obtained. The whole female gametophyte was plated on a medium containing 50 mg/l glutamine, 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 3% sucrose, 2 mg/1 2,4-D, 1 mg/1 BA and 0.2% Gelrite as a solidifying agent. Embryogenic calli could be seen as early as 5 days following culture. Histological studies indicate proliferation of pre-existing embryogenic tissue in the corrosion cavity followed by extrusion of embryogenic callus through the micropylar end of the gametophyte. Embryogenic suspension cultures were obtained by placing embryogenic callus into liquid medium. Embryogenic suspension cultures were subcultured weekly and proliferated as early-stage embryos with attached suspensors. Embryo development was obtained following transfer of the embryogenic tissue to an auxin-free medium containing 50 mM glutamine, 38 μM abscisic acid, and 6% sucrose. Although embryo development could be consistently obtained, whole plants have not yet been recovered from these somatic embryos.

Somatic Embryogenesis and Efficient Plant Regeneration in Japanese Cypresses

“…The positive effect of organic nitrogen sources in the medium on the maintenance and proliferation of EC have been reported for many species (Boulay et al, 1988;Finer et al, 1989;Becwar et al, 1990;Gupta and Pullman, 1991;Tremblay and Tremblay, 1991;Smith, 1996;Klimaszewska and Smith, 1997). In our study, filter-sterilized glutamine in a medium combined with a reduction of the nitrate content increased the proliferation rate and the number of mature cotyledonary embryos of the Sawara cypress.…”

Secondary somatic embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding

“…Furthermore, mostly synthetic auxins with strong Norgaard & Krogstrup, 1991Klimaszewska, 1989Arnold, 1987Mo et al, 1989Kong & Yeung, 1992Tremblay & Tremblay, 1991Eastman et al, 1991Tremblay & Tremblay, 1991Roberts et al, 1991Finer et al, 1989Gupta & Durzan, 1991Delbreil & Marc, 1992Krikorian & Kann, 1981Congeret al, 1983Jones & Rost, 1989Lu & Vasil, 1981Tremblay & Tremblay, 1991Carman, 1988Emonds & Kiefl, 1991Zhong et al, 1992Gui et al, 1991Kiss et al, 1992Nadel et al, 1989Nadel et al 1990Baker & Wetzstein, 1992Durham & Parrott, 1992;Sellars et al, 1990Sellars et al, 1990Rashid & Street, 1974Tenning et al, 1992Thomas & Wenzel, 1975Pretova & Williams, 1986Prabhudesai & Bhaskaran, 1993Vieitez & Barciela, 1990Vieitez et al 1991 Lakshmanan & Dhahnalakshmi, 1990Jelaska, 1972Smith & Krikorian, 1989De Touchet et al, 1991Litz, 1988Muralidharan & Mascarenhas, 1987Muralidharan et al, 1989…”

“…In Glycine max (Christou & Yang, 1989), Mangifera indica , Picea spp (Tremblay & Tremblay, 1991) and Zea mays (Emonds & Kieft, 1991) maturation was improved by increasing the sucrose concentration in the medium, but in Euphoria longan (Litz, 1988) it had to be lowered. The transfer of globular embryos to a medium with ABA improved maturation in Carum carvi (Ammirato, 1977), Pennisetum americanum Vieitez & Barciela, 1990), Picea spp (Arnold, 1987;Eastman et al, 1991) and Pinus spp (Finer et al, 1989;Gupta & Durzan, 1991). In Mangifera indica ) ABA had only a slight positive effect, whereas, the use of Gelrite instead of Difco agar had a distinct positive effect.…”

Plantlet regeneration from mature zygotic embryos and embryonic explants of masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)

“…The concentration of ammonium (5.0 raM) is intermediate between that in SH (2.6 mM) and MS (20.5 mM). In fact, this medium has been found to be very useful by other authors [7,10,11]. Medium effect has been also reported by Flinn et al (1986) [12] who found SH medium being superior to MS medium.…”