Initiation of the age-related decline of odor identification in humans: A meta-analysis

Zhang, Chenping; Wang, Xiaochun

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.08.004

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In the present study, compared with the NC group, the LLD patients suffered from significant OT and OI impairment, and the prevalence of OI impairment in the LLD patients (41.6%) was significant higher than that in the NC subjects (10.2%). The increased prevalence of OI impairment in the depression patients in our study may be partially due to ageing, because all participants in our study were older, and OI deterioration may begin at the age of 50 ( Zhang and Wang, 2017 ). However, because the prevalence of OI impairment in the NC subjects in this study was similar to that reported in a previous study, ageing may have only a limited contribution to the increased prevalence observed among the LLD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive Impairment and Structural Abnormalities in Late Life Depression with Olfactory Identification Impairment: an Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pattern

Chen

Zhong

Mai

et al. 2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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BackgroundLate-life depression patients are at a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, and diminished olfactory identification is an indicator in early screening for Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly. However, whether diminished olfactory identification is associated with risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease in late-life depression patients remains unclear.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-five late-life depression patients, 50 Alzheimer’s disease patients, and 60 normal controls were continuously recruited. The participants underwent a clinical evaluation, olfactory test, neuropsychological assessment, and neuroimaging assessment.ResultsThe olfactory identification impairment in late-life depression patients was milder than that in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Diminished olfactory identification was significantly correlated with worse cognitive performance (global function, memory language, executive function, and attention) and reduced grey matter volume (olfactory bulb and hippocampus) in the late-life depression patients. According to a multiple linear regression analysis, olfactory identification was significantly associated with the memory scores in late-life depression group (B=1.623, P<.001). The late-life depression with olfactory identification impairment group had worse cognitive performance (global, memory, language, and executive function) and more structural abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease-related regions than the late-life depression without olfactory identification impairment group, and global cognitive function and logical memory in the late-life depression without olfactory identification impairment group was intact. Reduced volume observed in many areas (hippocampus, precuneus, etc.) in the Alzheimer’s disease group was also observed in late-life depression with olfactory identification impairment group but not in the late-life depression without olfactory identification impairment group.ConclusionThe patterns of cognitive impairment and structural abnormalities in late-life depression with olfactory identification impairment patients were similar to those in Alzheimer’s disease; olfactory identification may help identify late-life depression patients who are at a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive Impairment and Structural Abnormalities in Late Life Depression with Olfactory Identification Impairment: an Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pattern

Chen

Zhong

Mai

et al. 2018

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…We cannot preclude that the onset of olfactory impairments was still recent in the relatively younger and more vital older adults in our cohort. Olfactory impairments may therefore not yet have impacted nutritional status (32). Contrarily, if olfactory impairments were more long-standing, they could have already caused food-intake and energy balance to shift towards a new equilibrium in which the participants’ weight are stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Olfactory Function with BMI, Appetite, and Prospective Weight Change in Dutch Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Fluitman

Nadar

Roos

et al. 2019

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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ObjectivesThe olfactory decline that often accompanies aging is thought to contribute to undernutrition in older adults. It is believed to negatively affect eating pleasure, appetite, food intake and subsequently nutritional status. We have evaluated the associations of olfactory function with BMI, appetite and prospective weight change in a cohort of Dutch community-dwelling older adults.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.ParticipantsDutch community-dwelling older adults from the ongoing Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA).Measurements and settingIn 2012–2013, the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered to 824 LASA participants to evaluate their olfactory function. Body weight, height, appetite, comorbidity, cognitive status and socio-demographic factors were also assessed. Follow-up weight was measured after three years.Results673 participants (aged 55–65 years) were included in the regression analyses. Median UPSIT-score was 33. When adjusted for potential confounders, lower UPSIT-score (indicative of poorer olfactory function) was not associated with poor appetite (OR = 1.062, p = 0.137) or prospective weight change (B = −0.027, p = 0.548). It was, however, associated with lower BMI in smokers (B = 0.178, p = 0.032), but not in non-smokers (B = −0.015, p = 0.732).ConclusionLower olfactory function scores were associated with lower BMI in community-dwelling older adults who smoke, but not with appetite or prospective weight change. Therefore, smoking older adults with olfactory impairments may pose as a vulnerable group with respect to developing undernutrition.

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“…3) Studies that grouped participants according to the following age groups were included: children or adolescents group comprising individuals <18 years of age; a younger adult group with individuals 18-50 years old; an older adult group that included individuals older than 50 years. The separation of the two adult groups at 50 years old is based on the results of a meta-analysis by Zhang and Wang (35) showing that odor identification in humans starts to decline at the age of 50. Studies that did not separate the participants according to these three life stages were excluded.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gender on odor identification at different life stages: a meta-analysis

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Xia³

et al. 2019

Rhin

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Background: Although conflicting findings abound, gender-related differences in olfactory identification have received continuous attention. To our best knowledge, no systematic and quantitative research has examined gender differences in olfaction identification at various stages of life. The present study aimed to find out if there is gender difference in human olfaction identification in different life stages. Methodology: Studies cited in the PubMed database were searched from its inception to August 2017 using the terms "olfact*" or "smell" and "gender" or "sex". The effect size of each comparison was calculated. 24 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results: In this meta-analysis, we used Cohen's d to determine the effects sizes for the comparisons between women versus men among different groups. Its value was 0.18 (95% CI:-0.13 to 0.49) in Group A (age<18years), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.81) in Group B (age 18-50years), and 0.33 (95% CI:-0.01 to 0.66) in Group C. The effect was considered relatively small in Group A (age<18years) and Group C (age>50years), and a medium effect in Group B (age18-50 years). Moreover, a significant difference was only present in Group B (age18-50 years). Summarizing, the gender effect was only present in the group aged 18-50 years, in which women outperformed men significantly in odor identification. Conclusions: This meta-analytic review indicated that the gender differences only exist in young adults (age18-50 years), while absent in juveniles (age<18years) or an aged cohort (age >50years). Females outperformed males in the young adults.

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Initiation of the age-related decline of odor identification in humans: A meta-analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 64 publications

Cognitive Impairment and Structural Abnormalities in Late Life Depression with Olfactory Identification Impairment: an Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pattern

Cognitive Impairment and Structural Abnormalities in Late Life Depression with Olfactory Identification Impairment: an Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pattern

The Association of Olfactory Function with BMI, Appetite, and Prospective Weight Change in Dutch Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Effect of gender on odor identification at different life stages: a meta-analysis

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