Initiation of the human heave linear vestibulo-ocular reflex

Crane, Benjamin T.; Tian, Jun-Ru; Wiest, Gerald; Demer, Joseph L.

doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1301-8

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…First, although tVOR gains are lower in the dark, there is still a response in the absence of visual feedback, including to abrupt, unpredictable stimuli [4; 11]. Second, even when vision is present, the latency is too short for the reflex to be attributed to visual tracking alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude and frequency prediction in the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex

Schneider

Walker

2014

VES

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The goal of this study was to assess the effect of amplitude and frequency predictability on the performance of the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR). Eye movements were recorded in 5 subjects during continuous vertical translation that consisted of a series of segments with: 1) 3 amplitudes at constant frequency (2 Hz) or 2) 3 different frequencies (1.6, 2, 2.5 Hz). Stimulus changes were presented in a pseudo-random order. We found that there was little change in the tVOR immediately after an unexpected stimulus change, as if eye velocity were being driven more by an expectation based on previous steady-state motion than by current head translation. For amplitude transitions, only about 30% of the eventual response change was seen in the first half cycle. Similarly, a sudden change in translation frequency did not appear in eye velocity for 70 ms, compared to a 8 ms lag during similar yaw rotation. Finally, after a sudden large decrease in frequency, the eyes continued to track at the original higher frequency, resulting initially in an anti-compensatory tVOR acceleration. Our results elucidate further the complexity of the tVOR and show that motion prediction based on prior experience plays an important role in its response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude and frequency prediction in the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex

Schneider

Walker

2014

VES

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“…The difference was determined and compensated using mechanical simulation (Tian et al , 2006Crane et al 2003;Ramat and Zee 2003). To allow correction for signal-to-noise ratio differences and differing transducer delays, mechanically simulated data was collected using an armature to convert translation to rotation with zero latency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

2006

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Transient whole-body surge (fore-aft) translation at 0.5 G peak acceleration was administered to six subjects with unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD), and eight age-matched controls. Subjects viewed eccentric targets to determine if linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) asymmetry might lateralize otolith deficits. Eye rotation was measured using magnetic search coils. Immediately before surge, subjects viewed a luminous target 50 cm away, centered or displaced 10° horizontally or vertically. The target was extinguished during randomly directed surges. LVOR gain relative to ideal velocity in subjects with UVD for the contralesional horizontally eccentric target (0.59 ± 0.08, mean ± SEM) did not differ significantly from normal (0.50 ± 0.04), but gain for the ipsilesional eccentric target (0.35 ± 0.02) was significantly less than normal (0.48 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). Normal subjects had mean gain asymmetry for horizontally eccentric targets of 0.17 ± 0.03, but asymmetry in UVD was significantly increased to 0.35 ± 0.05 (P < 0.05). Four of six subjects with UVD had maximum gain asymmetry outside normal 95% confidence limits. Asymmetry did not correlate with UVD duration. Gain for 10° vertically eccentric targets averaged 0.38 ± 0.14 for subjects with UVD, insignificantly lower than the normal value of 0.75 ± 0.15 (P > 0.05). Surge LVOR latency was symmetrical in UVD, and did not differ significantly from normal. There was no significant difference in response between dark and visible target conditions until 200 ms after surge onset. Chronic human UVD, on average, significantly impairs the surge LVOR for horizontally eccentric targets placed ipsilesionally, but this asymmetry is small relative to interindividual variation.

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“…The medial area of the utricle is larger than the lateral area in humans (Rosenhall 1972) and three quarters of the neurons respond preferentially to ipsilateral tilt in monkeys (Fernandez and Goldberg 1976). Transient linear motion produces a linear VOR (LVOR) which is commonly asymmetric at high accelerations in healthy humans (Lempert et al 1998;Crane et al 2003) and more asymmetric after an acute unilateral vestibular lesion, although symmetry returns to the normal range over time (Lempert et al 1998).…”

Section: Perceptual Asymmetriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Asymmetries and Age Effects in Human Self-Motion Perception

Roditi

Crane

2012

JARO

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109

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Directional asymmetries in vestibular reflexes have aided the diagnosis of vestibular lesions; however, potential asymmetries in vestibular perception have not been well defined. This investigation sought to measure potential asymmetries in human vestibular perception. Vestibular perception thresholds were measured in 24 healthy human subjects between the ages of 21 and 68 years. Stimuli consisted of a single cycle of sinusoidal acceleration in a single direction lasting 1 or 2 s (1 or 0.5 Hz), delivered in sway (leftright), surge (forward-backward), heave (up-down), or yaw rotation. Subject identified self-motion directions were analyzed using a forced choice technique, which permitted thresholds to be independently determined for each direction. Non-motion stimuli were presented to measure possible response bias. A significant directional asymmetry in the dynamic response occurred in 27% of conditions tested within subjects, and in at least one type of motion in 92% of subjects. Directional asymmetries were usually consistent when retested in the same subject but did not occur consistently in one direction across the population with the exception of heave at 0.5 Hz. Responses during null stimuli presentation suggested that asymmetries were not due to biased guessing. Multiple models were applied and compared to determine if sensitivities were direction specific. Using Akaike information criterion, it was found that the model with direction specific sensitivities better described the data in 86% of runs when compared with a model that used the same sensitivity for both directions. Mean thresholds for yaw were 1.3±0.9°/s at 0.5 Hz and 0.9±0.7°/s at 1 Hz and were independent of age. Thresholds for surge and sway were 1.7±0.8 cm/s at 0.5 Hz and 0.7±0.3 cm/s at 1.0 Hz for subjects G50 and were significantly higher in subjects 950 years old. Heave thresholds were higher and were independent of age.

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Initiation of the human heave linear vestibulo-ocular reflex

Cited by 37 publications

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Amplitude and frequency prediction in the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex

Amplitude and frequency prediction in the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex

Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

Directional Asymmetries and Age Effects in Human Self-Motion Perception

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