Injectable Anesthetics

Berry, Stephanie H.

doi:10.1002/9781119421375.ch15

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Textbook doses of thiopental (12-30 mg/kg), propofol (± 6.5 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (2-3 mg/kg) for induction of general anaesthesia in a healthy unpremedicated dog are recommended to be administered intravenously over a one minute period or until a predefined desired effect (Berry 2015, Clarke, Trim & Hall 2014, Dugdale 2010, Waelbers, Vermoere & Polis 2009). The most common desired effect is to achieve hypnosis and tracheal intubation, however, this desired effect would have been too deep to allow examination of arytenoid cartilage abduction activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thiopentone, propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion during oral laryngoscopy in healthy dogs

Smalle

Hartman

Bester

et al. 2017

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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OTAU staff members for undertaking the feeding, management and housing of the experimental animals.OTAU advisory committee for allowing the participation of the OTAU Beagles in our research project.Final year veterinary students for their assistance in collecting the experimental animals for each data collection and managing the animals on the day of data collection. Special thanks goes out to:Sr Tamarin Fischer for her assistance in housing the animals in the SAS wards.Sr Jana Stander for her assistance in the theatre complex and making instrumentation available to enable data collection.The Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies for their financial contributions to make the study a reality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thiopentone, propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion during oral laryngoscopy in healthy dogs

Smalle

Hartman

Bester

et al. 2017

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Ketamine is widely used for sedation of large non‐human primates because of its good safety profile and its relative lack of depression of the cardiovascular system . However, used alone ketamine only produces a cataleptic state more similar to heavy sedation than general anaesthesia . The addition of either a benzodiazepine or an alpha‐2 agonists such as xylazine and medetomidine increases the depth of anaesthesia but can also result in depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical immobilization of non‐human primates can be required to perform scientific or veterinary procedure with different invasiveness degrees. Currently ketamine alone or in combination with others drugs is likely the most widely used injectable anaesthetic . However, the poor degree of muscle relaxation and analgesia limits its use to minimally invasive procedures (eg, blood sampling) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combination of alfaxalone, medetomidine and midazolam for the chemical immobilization of Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): Preliminary results

Bertrand

Sandersen

Murray

et al. 2017

J of Medical Primatology

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“…The incidence of apnoea after ketamine administration and the decrease in f R during isoflurane anaesthesia can be explained by the effect of premedication agents and isoflurane on exacerbating respiratory depression [25] . Furthermore, it is plausible that ketamine when used in combination with other CNS depressants, has a role on aggravating respiratory depression [2] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaesthesia with ketamine may be associated with little muscle relaxation or even muscle rigidity as well as spontaneous movement and violent recovery. Administration of CNS depressant such as benzodiazepines and α2-agonists is recommended to prevent or to reduce undesirable effects of ketamine [2] . Verapamil, a phenylalkylamine, is a calcium channel blocker (CCB), calcium entry blocker, and calcium antagonist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

Imani¹,

Mosallanejad²,

Kavosi³

et al. 2016

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The present study was designed to evaluate the induction and recovery characteristics as well as the cardiorespiratory effects of verapamil on ketamine-induced anaesthesia in dogs. Six healthy male mix-breed dogs weighing 19.5±3.0 kg and aged 1.5-2.5 years were used in a randomized crossover design. After premedication with acepromazine (0.025 mg/kg) and morphine (0.25 mg/kg) intramuscularly, dogs received either treatments of verapamil (0.1 mg/kg; IV) or normal saline intravenously. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (10 mg/kg; IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Induction and recovery quality were acceptable in both treatments. Recovery tended to be prolonged in verapamil compared with SAL. Heart rate in normal saline, after administration of ketamine, showed significant increased values (P<0.05); whereas, heart rate was relatively stable in verapamil with no significant changes (P≥0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure, during inhalation anaesthesia, was below the reference ranges and showed significant decreases in both treatments (P<0.05). Respiratory rate decreased in both groups at several time points compared with the base (P<0.05). It was concluded that addition of verapamil to ketamine, had no effect on induction and recovery quality and could potentially prolong recovery. Verapamil resulted in relatively stable HR compared to that of control group. Keywords: Anaesthesia, Verapamil, Ketamine, Dog Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri ÖzetBu çalışma, köpeklerde ketamin-kaynaklı anestezi üzerine verapamil'in kardiyorespiratuar etkilerinin yanı sıra indüksiyon ve iyileşme özelliklerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. Altı adet sağlıklı erkek melez-cins köpek (19.5±3.0 kg ağırlığında ve 1.5-2.5 yaşlı) rasgele seçilmiş bir çapraz tasarımda kullanıldı. Köpeklere, kas-içi asepromazin (0.025 mg/kg) ve morfin (0.25 mg/kg) ile premedikasyon sonrası, ya intravenöz yolla verapamil (0.1 mg/kg; IV) ya da normal tuzlu su tedavisi yapıldı. Anestezi ketamin ile anestezi (10 mg/kg; IV) indüklendi ve izofluran ile sürdürüldü. Her iki tedavide indüksiyon ve iyileşme kalitesi kabul edilebilir idi. İyileşme, normal tuzlu su ile karşılaştırıldığında verapamilde uzama eğiliminde idi. Normal tuzlu sudaki kalp atım hızı, ketamin verilmesinden sonra, önemli artan tarzda değişiklikler (P<0.05) gösterirken; oysa, verapamilde ki kalp atım hızına oranla istikrarlı olup, önemli değişiklikler göstermedi (P≥0.05). Ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı, inhalasyon anestezisi sırasında, referans aralıkları altında idi ve her iki tedavide önemli düşüşler gösterdi (P<0.05). Solunum hızı, bazal seviye ile karşılaştırıldığında her iki grupta da çok sayıda zaman noktasında azaldı (P<0.05). Dolayısıyla; ketaminine verapamilin eklenmesinin, indüksiyon ve iyileşme kalitesi üzerine hiçbir etkisinin olmadığı ve potansiyel olarak rekoveri geciktirdiği sonucuna varıldı. Verapamil, kontrol grubuna kıyasla nispeten istikrarlı HR ile sonuçlandı.

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Injectable Anesthetics

Cited by 71 publications

References 193 publications

Effects of thiopentone, propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion during oral laryngoscopy in healthy dogs

Effects of thiopentone, propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion during oral laryngoscopy in healthy dogs

A combination of alfaxalone, medetomidine and midazolam for the chemical immobilization of Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): Preliminary results

Köpeklerde Ketaminle İndüklenmiş Anestezi Üzerine Verapamilin İndüksiyon ve Rekover Özellikleri ve Kardiyorespiratuar Etkileri

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