Injectable Composite Systems Based on Microparticles in Hydrogels for Bioactive Cargo Controlled Delivery

Abstract

Engineering drug delivery systems (DDS) aim to release bioactive cargo to a specific site within the human body safely and efficiently. Hydrogels have been used as delivery matrices in different studies due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility in biomedical purposes. Microparticles have also been used as drug delivery systems for similar reasons. The combination of microparticles and hydrogels in a composite system has been the topic of many research works. These composite systems can be injected in loco as DDS. The hydrogel will serve as a barrier to protect the particles and retard the release of any bioactive cargo within the particles. Additionally, these systems allow different release profiles, where different loads can be released sequentially, thus allowing a synergistic treatment. The reported advantages from several studies of these systems can be of great use in biomedicine for the development of more effective DDS. This review will focus on in situ injectable microparticles in hydrogel composite DDS for biomedical purposes, where a compilation of different studies will be analysed and reported herein.

Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery

“…GG:Alg microparticles in PBS, with both pH values reavealing an early burst release pattern [ 36 ] ( Figure 9 ). Where a significant part of the MB within the particles was released within the first hours.…”

“…The release profile occurred within 6 days (144 days to reach the plateau). The release profile could be extended in future works with the addition of a protective barrier that delayed the release of the cargo, such as a hydrogel [ 36 , 75 , 76 ] or the addition of an extra layer around the microparticle, such as chitosan [ 77 , 78 , 79 ].…”

Cross Talk Between Cells and the Current Bioceramics in Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

“…This approach, exemplified by the use of hydrogels, has demonstrated potential as a minimally invasive means of delivering stem cells to address craniofacial defects arising from trauma or disease. Notably, injectable composite hydrogels have shown promise in fostering regenerative potential in rats with critical cranial defects 46 , 47 . However, it is worth acknowledging that injectable hydrogel systems do have limitations, particularly their lack of 3D structural and mechanical stability, which can be a significant drawback in craniofacial regeneration, especially for cases involving substantial bone loss, such as traumatic injuries or cancer.…”

Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study

“…Some sources to produce scaffolds for the teeth repair and reconstruction are natural biomaterials, including collagen [ 164 ], gelatin [ 154 ], fibrin, and silk [ 165 ] with protein structure and alginate [ 166 ], hyaluronic acid [ 167 ] with polysaccharide structure, and synthetic biomaterials, including polyglycolate/poly-l-lactate [ 168 ], polycaprolactone-poly glycolic acid [ 169 ], polylactic acid-co-polyglycolic acid [ 170 ], polycaprolactone /gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite [ 171 ], nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly-l-lactide [ 172 ], and polyethyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate [ 173 ].…”