Injection moulding of hydroxyapatite composites

Sim, Celine; Cheang, P.; Liang, Mengya; Khor, Khiam Aik

doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(96)00044-1

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is believed that the blend has allowed the extension of filler loading by increasing the overall melt strength and toughness. Increment of modulus due to filler with higher rigidity than the matrix has been reported by other workers 27, 38, 39…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

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High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

Lim

Ishak

Ishiaku

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is part of bone mineral composition. Several attempts have been made to incorporate HA into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to produce bone replacement biomaterials since neat HDPE is not suitable as bone replacement. The blending of HDPE with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) up to 50% by weight was performed with the aim of improving the toughness of composites. Reinforcement of blend with HA of up to 50% by weight was carried out. Methods of characterizing the composites included density, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, ash content, and morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. For the mechanical properties of the composites, tensile, flexural, and impact tests were carried out. Incorporation of HA into HDPE has resulted in the brittleness of the composites. Blending of HDPE with UHMWPE in the presence of HA was found to improve the mechanical properties and promote a ductile failure of the resulting composites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…This structure is often associated with brittle failure 44. The effect of higher filler loading in reducing matrix deformation has been reported elsewhere 39. In comparison to HDHA composites, HDUHHA system provide reasonable proof of better plastic deformation at the corresponding filler loadings, as shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

Lim

Ishak

Ishiaku

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…At closure, one important point to note here is that we have successfully injection molded HDPE composites with 30% ceramic loading. This is in contrast with earlier attempts to make HAp composites using injection molding, where it was reported that without the use of additives, good mixing beyond 20% HAp loading was difficult34. Another point that needs to be mentioned is that we have measured much lower elastic modulus in injection molded HDPE composites as compared with compression molded composites, reported in our earlier work 4.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 95%

Processing, tensile, and fracture properties of injection molded Hdpe‐Al₂O₃‐HAp hybrid composites

Basu

Jain

Kumar

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The aim of this study is to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of HDPE-aluminaHAp composites prepared by injection molding techniques and to demonstrate their superiority over unreinforced HDPE. Composites with up to 30 vol. % of filler, composed of equal volumes of HAp and alumina, were successfully processed by injection molding. On the basis of the analysis of processing results, i.e., melt viscosity, volume flow rate, shear rate, mixing torque, the critical ceramic loading was determined. Tensile tests done at varying crosshead speeds confirm that an increase in ceramic loading results in an increase in strength, as well as a simultaneous decrease in the total elongation at failure. A maximum strength of 20 MPa and a maximum tensile modulus of around 1 GPa was achieved with 30 vol % ceramic loading in semicrystalline HDPE matrix. SEVNB test results demonstrate an improvement in toughness at 20 vol %. The fracture properties are discussed in terms of interfacial bonding between ceramic fillers and the semicrystalline HDPE matrix.

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“…Since the low density of syntactic foams is the most promising feature that enables their applications, the trends in mechanical properties are analyzed with respect to density of HDPE matrix with different fillers and are presented in Figure 11 [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The data are extracted from published literature and are plotted with respect to density.…”

Section: Weight Saving Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

et al. 2016

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Rapid production of high quality components is the key to cost reduction industrial applications.The present work is the first attempt of manufacturing syntactic foams, hollow particle filled lightweight composites, using an industrial scale injection molding machine. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is used as the matrix material and fly ash cenospheres are used as the filler. Development of syntactic foams with cenospheres serves dual purpose of beneficial utilization of industrial waste fly ash and reduction in the cost of the component. The pressure and temperature used in injection molding process are optimized to minimize fracture of cenospheres and obtain complete mixing of cenospheres with HDPE. The optimized parameters are used for manufacturing syntactic foams with 20, 40 and 60 wt.% cenospheres. With increasing cenosphere content, density and strength reduce and modulus increases. Surface modification of constituents results in rise in strength with increasing filler content. A theoretical model based on a differential scheme is used to estimate the properties of cenospheres by conducting parametric studies because of inherent difficulties in direct measurement of cenosphere properties. The potential for using the optimized injection molding process is demonstrated by casting several industrial components.

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Injection moulding of hydroxyapatite composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

Processing, tensile, and fracture properties of injection molded Hdpe‐Al₂O₃‐HAp hybrid composites

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

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Injection moulding of hydroxyapatite composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties

Processing, tensile, and fracture properties of injection molded Hdpe‐Al2O3‐HAp hybrid composites

Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine

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Processing, tensile, and fracture properties of injection molded Hdpe‐Al₂O₃‐HAp hybrid composites