Injury pattern and the biomechanical assessment of skull fracture risk in blows with a rubber mallet

Muggenthaler, Holger; Hubig, Michael; Mall, Gita; Lessig, R.; Stiller, D

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110303

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the field of combat sports, monitoring of the foot pressure data or center of pressure (COP) has been reported in a few studies [ 16 , 36 ], and, compared to that, there are not enough reports on the pressure caused by the impact of the upper limb on the target. In the field of ergonomics, fall, and forensic biomechanics, the upper limb in connection with pressure was described to better estimate the risks of injury for different areas of the human body [ 37 ]. The COP displacement on the surface of the fist during the punch and striker grip strength was reported in connection with a hand injury in boxers [ 38 ] and competitors of martial arts [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides strength and size, the skinfold thickness of the hand affects the severity of the impact [ 45 ] where a smaller contact area increases the maximum stress on the target [ 32 ]. Compared to that, the larger contact area results in the lower contact pressure and material strain, thereby higher fracture thresholds have to be assumed in the case of elastic contact characteristics due to the larger contact area [ 37 ]. Thus, the thickness of the muscles and fat on the palm is an important factor depending on the sex [ 46 ], where women have a higher proportion of body fat [ 47 , 48 ] than men and lower muscle mass [ 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Contact Area for Three Types of Upper Limb Strikes

Beránek

Šťastný

Turquier

et al. 2022

JFMK

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Performance in strike combat sports is mostly evaluated through the values of the net force, acceleration, or speed to improve efficient training procedures and/or to assess the injury. There are limited data on the upper limb striking area, which can be a useful variable for contact pressure assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the contact area of the upper limb in three different strike technique positions. A total of 38 men and 38 women (n = 76, 27.3 ± 8.5 years of age, 73.9 ± 13.8 kg of body weight, 173.3 ± 8.4 cm of body height) performed a static simulation of punch with a fist, palm strike, and elbow strike, where three segments of the right upper limb were scanned. The analysis of 684 images showed a correlation (r = 0.634) between weight and punch technique position in men and significant differences in elbow strike (p < 0.001) and palm strike (p < 0.0001) between women and men. In both groups, the palm demonstrated the largest area and the elbow the smallest one. These data may be used to evaluate strike contact pressure in future studies in forensic biomechanics and assessment of injury in combat sports and self-defense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Contact Area for Three Types of Upper Limb Strikes

Beránek

Šťastný

Turquier

et al. 2022

JFMK

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“…Studies on different impact scenarios show that the superficial soft tissue layers can absorb between 35% up to nearly 70% of the impact energy [1][2][3][4]. However, the influence of the covering soft tissues on skeletal trauma, which can be essential for the reconstruction of blunt force attacks or the assessment of an assault as potentially life-threatening or not, is still not fully understood [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A promising tool for the evaluation of this influence is the finite element (FE) method, which has already been applied for the investigation of different impact scenarios in the field of forensic science [5,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterisation of porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue under blunt impact up to irreversible deformation

et al. 2021

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A deeper understanding of the mechanical characteristics of adipose tissue under large deformation is important for the analysis of blunt force trauma, as adipose tissue alters the stresses and strains that are transferred to subjacent tissues. Hence, results from drop tower tests of subcutaneous adipose tissue are presented (i) to characterise adipose tissue behaviour up to irreversible deformation, (ii) to relate this to the microstructural configuration, (iii) to quantify this deformation and (iv) to provide an analytical basis for computational modelling of adipose tissue under blunt impact. The drop tower experiments are performed exemplarily on porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue specimens for three different impact velocities and two impactor geometries. An approach based on photogrammetry is used to derive 3D representations of the deformation patterns directly after the impact. Median values for maximum impactor acceleration for tests with a flat cylindrical impactor geometry at impact velocities of 886 mm/s, 1253 mm/s and 2426 mm/s amount to 61.1 g, 121.6 g and 264.2 g, respectively, whereas thickness reduction of the specimens after impact amount to 16.7%, 30.5% and 39.3%, respectively. The according values for tests with a spherically shaped impactor at an impact velocity of 1253 mm/s are 184.2 g and 78.7%. Based on these results, it is hypothesised that, in the initial phase of a blunt impact, adipose tissue behaviour is mainly governed by the behaviour of the lipid inside the adipocytes, whereas for further loading, contribution of the extracellular collagen fibre network becomes more dominant.

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