Injury patterns in Swedish elite athletics: annual incidence, injury types and risk factors

Jacobsson, Jenny; Timpka, Toomas; Kowalski, Jan; Nilsson, Sofia; Ekberg, Joakim; Dahlström, Örjan; Renström, Per

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091651

Cited by 160 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…For example, we expected to capture a far greater number of injuries using the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire than using a time-loss-injury approach because many athletes continue to train and compete despite being injured. 9,15 However, our results are in accordance with those of Andersen et al, 16 Clarsen et al, 10,17 Jacobsson et al, 18 and Ristolainen et al, 19 demonstrating that overuse injuries are more common than acute injuries in several sports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, to our knowledge, we are the first to use this method with adolescent elite orienteerers; hence, the results need to be confirmed and a larger sample studied. The average response rate in our investigation was lower than in recent reports in which the researchers used the same method with a different age group, 10,18 and yet, it can be satisfactory for 26 weekly reports in this age group. The response rate might have been higher if the schools had been visited more often.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Rosen

Heijne

Frohm

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: In orienteering, the number of injury-registration studies is limited. Most researchers have used a cross-sectional design during specific events and, therefore, have mainly identified acute injuries.Objective: To determine the prevalence of injuries by registering acute and overuse injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers over 26 weeks and to study the variation of injury prevalence over the season and the potential risk factors.Design: Cohort study. Setting: Two high schools in Sweden with national orienteering teams.Patients or Other Participants: All athletes (33 adolescent girls, 31 adolescent boys; age ¼ 17 6 1 years) from 2 high schools with orienteering teams.Main Outcome Measure(s): We used a weekly Web-based questionnaire to identify the incidence and prevalence of injuries and training variables. Risk factors for injury were calculated using multiple linear regression techniques.Results: The average weekly prevalence of overuse and acute injuries was 35.7% (95% confidence interval ¼ 34.8%, 36.6%) and 1.7% (95% confidence interval ¼ 1.3%, 2.1%), respectively; overuse injuries (78.0%, n ¼ 85) accounted for the majority. The incidence of acute and overuse injuries was highest for the foot/lower leg (48.6%, n ¼ 53), and 71.6% (n ¼ 78) of all injuries affected the foot/lower leg and knee area. Time to the first reported injury was associated with training volume (b ¼ 0.184, P ¼ .001), competition time (b ¼ À0.701, P ¼ .009), running on asphalt roads (b ¼À0.348, P ¼ .008), and running on forest surfaces and trails (b ¼À0.331, P ¼ .007), with a model fit of r 2 ¼ 0.50 (intercept ¼ 2.196, P , .001). During the study, we observed a weekly increase (0.3%) in the prevalence of overuse injuries in the foot/lower leg (r 2 ¼ 0.33, P ¼ .001); the highest prevalence (26.9%) was at the beginning of the competitive season.Conclusions: Overuse injuries, predominately in the foot/ lower leg area, were more common than acute injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers. These injuries had the highest prevalence at the beginning of the competitive season; therefore, this period can be seen as a possible risk factor for sustaining overuse injuries in the foot/lower leg.Key Words: athletes, runners, severity score, training load Key PointsOveruse injuries were more common than acute injuries in adolescent elite orienteerers. Overuse injuries most often affected the foot/lower leg area, with the highest prevalence occurring at the beginning of the competitive season. Training volume, competition time, running on asphalt roads, and running on forest surfaces and trails were associated with time to the first reported injury. Researchers should focus on establishing injury mechanisms affecting the foot, lower leg, and knee in adolescent elite orienteerers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Rosen

Heijne

Frohm

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Even if long-term injury surveillances reports are lacking in several sports of adolescent elite athletes (Steffen & Engebretsen, 2010), the existing ones have shown high injury incidence (Kolt & Kirkby, 1999;Kirialanis, Malliou, Beneka, & Giannakopoulos, 2003;Price, Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2004;Le Gall et al, 2006;Le Gall, Carling, & Reilly, 2008;Westin, Alricsson, & Werner, 2012;Jacobsson et al, 2013) as well as high injury prevalence (Jacobsson et al, 2012;. These findings highlight a need for exploring the consequences of such injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Young, talented and injured: Injury perceptions, experiences and consequences in adolescent elite athletes

Rosen

Kottorp

Fridén

et al. 2018

European Journal of Sport Science

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Even though injury is common in elite sports, there is still a lack of knowledge of young athletes' injury perception both during and after injury. The aim of this mixed-method study was, therefore, to explore, in-depth, data on injury consequences and adolescent elite athletes' perceptions and experience of injury. Three hundred and forty adolescent elite athletes (age range 15-19), from 16 different sports, were bi-weekly monitored over 52 weeks using a valid questionnaire. Twenty athletes from the same cohort were interviewed in focus groups about injury experience and perceptions. The results show that the average bi-weekly prevalence of injury was 38.7% (95% CI 37.3-40.1), with 30.0% (n = 102) of the athletes injured for more than half of all reporting times. An overarching theme from the focus groups highlighted the risk among young athletes of a loss of identity while injured. The findings support several suggestions that may improve the rehabilitation process and enhance rehabilitation outcomes: (a) provide clear pathways to the medical team, (b) recognize the identity loss, (c) involve the injured athletes with the rest of the teammates and (d) educate athletes about how to interpret pain signals. Future research should explore and evaluate the effectiveness and generalization of such interventions.

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“…Sports injuries can be reported using general diagnosis systems such as the ICD [6] or corresponding systems specifically adapted to sports [13,14], and the basic codes can be further categorized by body region and nature of injury [15]. Sports incapacity is reported using systems for recording time loss from sports participation [16], while sports trauma is accounted for by athletes' self-report.…”

Section: Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a Sports Injury?

et al. 2014

Self Cite

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Current sports injury reporting systems lack a common conceptual basis. We propose a conceptual foundation as a basis for the recording of health problems associated with participation in sports, based on the notion of impairment used by the World Health Organization. We provide definitions of sports impairment concepts to represent the perspectives of health services, the participants in sports and physical exercise themselves, and sports institutions. For each perspective, the duration of the causative event is used as the norm for separating concepts into those denoting impairment conditions sustained instantly and those developing gradually over time. Regarding sports impairment sustained in isolated events, 'sports injury' denotes the loss of bodily function or structure that is the object of observations in clinical examinations; 'sports trauma' is defined as an immediate sensation of pain, discomfort or loss of functioning that is the object of athlete self-evaluations; and 'sports incapacity' is the sidelining of an athlete because of a health evaluation made by a legitimate sports authority that is the object of time loss observations. Correspondingly, sports impairment caused by excessive bouts of physical exercise is denoted as 'sports disease' (overuse syndrome) when observed by health service professionals during clinical examinations, 'sports illness' when observed by the athlete in self-evaluations, and 'sports sickness' when recorded as time loss from sports participation by a sports body representative. We propose a concerted development effort in this area that takes advantage of concurrent ontology management resources and involves the international sporting community in building terminology systems that have broad relevance.

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Injury patterns in Swedish elite athletics: annual incidence, injury types and risk factors

Cited by 160 publications

References 60 publications

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Injuries and Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Elite Orienteerers: A 26-Week Prospective Registration Study

Young, talented and injured: Injury perceptions, experiences and consequences in adolescent elite athletes

What is a Sports Injury?

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