Injury Risks, Misuse Rates and the Effect of Misuse Depending on the Kind of Child Restraint System

Reconstruction of Crashes Involving Injured Child Occupants: The Risk of Serious Injuries Associated with Sub-Optimal Restraint Use May Be Reduced by Better Controlling Occupant Kinematics

“…Janssen et al (1992) reported that misusing the lap/sash belt by placing the sash under the armpit and/or behind the back resulted in greater potential for head impacts with the vehicle interior, for both adult and child dummies. Hummel et al (1997) found similar results for sash belt misuse in booster seats.…”

“…No reconstructions involving forward-facing child restraint systems were attempted. Lalande et al (2003) and Hummel et al (1997) have reported identifiable differences in dummy output in forwardfacing restraints under varying restraint misuse configurations. In the work reported by Lalande et al (2003) there were overall degradations in the level of protection provided in cases of misuse compared to correct use, and the Hybrid III 3-year-old was used in this test series.…”

“…In forward-facing restraints, laboratory work done by Lalande et al (2003) and Hummel et al (1997) has demonstrated that harness adjustment can influence neck loads measured in child dummies, while others, in similar investigations, have found this type of misuse to have a negligible effect (Janssen et al, 1991(Janssen et al, , 1993Weber et al, 1993). There were significant differences in the dummies used in all of these tests, which might explain the conflicting results.…”

Promoting Correct Car Seat Use in Parents of Young Children

“…In a recent comprehensive report summarizing 82,000 child restraint checks in 1 year, Safe Kids reports that 44% of parents left the fitting appointment with a different car seat than the one they used on arrival (Safe Kids USA, 2011). Thus, one of the primary aims of injury control efforts is to increase the rates of correct, age-appropriate child safety seat use for children (Hummel et al, 1997). The CDC National Action Plan for child injury prevention highlights the need for more interdisciplinary research to further determine why caregivers do not always appropriately restrain their children and encourages researchers to identify effective strategies for targeting audiences using relevant channels (CDC, NCIPC, 2012).…”

Analysis on Injury Characteristics of Child Passenger in China's Traffic Accidents

“…The relevant accident statistics show that child who takes the rear seats and uses restraint system can effectively ensure the safety [2] [3] [4] and its safety is far more than that of by only using three-point adult seat belts [5]; the child who only use adult seat belts are more likely to be damaged on the head and neck in traffic accidents [6]; moreover, the severe injury rate of the child passengers using the restraint system can be reduced to 77% than those who are not protected [7]. A large number of accident data show that the child's head is primarily protected, followed by chest and abdomen [8].…”