Injustiça ambiental e saúde no Brasil: o Mapa de Conflitos

Abstract

Disponível em: <www.racismoambiental.net.br/textos-e-artigos/tania-pacheco/desigualdadeinjustica-ambiental-racismo>. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2012.

Conflitos ambientais e as águas do rio São Francisco

“…Environmental conflicts arising from the dispute between the different development models involve not only organized social movements, transnational agro-export companies and industries, but also regulatory institutions and public policy Pacheco, 2009).…”

“…The resistance of the people that live in that territory has been defined as a fight against environmental injustice (Herculaneum; Pacheco, 2006;Pacheco, 2009).…”

“…The creation of environmental conflict maps, for example, aims to strengthen minority social groups, to give visibility to asymmetries in power relations and facilitate the interaction of other groups in situations of conflicts favoring environmental justice (Silva, 2012). This comprises a set of principles and social practices that ensure the protection of rights in face of negative consequences of dynamics and actions of economic purpose, aiming to ensure a fair and equitable access to environmental resources and information relevant to the society and the affected groups Pacheco, 2009).…”

Rights, Pressures and Conservation in Forest Regions of Mexico

“…They oppose the loss of common goods and natural resources that they need to live and survive. Not only in the countryside but also in the city there are groups of relatively poor citizens who, without being "card-carrying" environmentalists, protest when they lose green areas of public use, demand space for pedestrians or cyclists, and practise urban horticulture.Today 5 In Brazil, the active presence of the Pastoral da Terra is noted in land conflicts in the north of the country (Porto et al, 2013).The term "ecological debt" was first used in 1991 by Latin American organizations that were opposed to the loss of the ozone layer and to climate change (Robleto and Marcelo, 1992), and it was applied a little later to the results of ecologically unequal trade and instances of "biopiracy". There are other slogans or expressions, such as "water is worth more than gold" (el agua vale más que el oro), "water justice" (justicia hídrica), "living rivers" (ríos vivos), "climate justice" (justicia climática), "tree plantations are not forests" (las plantaciones no son bosques) (Carrere and Lohman, 1996), "food sovereignty" (soberanía alimentaria, from Vía Campesina) and, more recently, "energy sovereignty", which were born in or have been spread across the continent.…”

“…However, in other instances, quite often the police, military and private security forces protected by the state intervene against popular environmentalists. Although there is a consensus between neoliberal and national-popular governments in attributing environmentalism to foreign influences and interpreting it as a phenomenon of "full bellies", it is impossible to ignore the numerous outbreaks of bottom-up environmental mobilizations all over Latin America and the hundreds of victims killed in environmental conflicts in Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, Brazil and other countries documented by Global Witness, by the OCMAL inventories, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)) map of Brazil (Porto et al, 2013), and the EJ Atlas (www.ejatlas.org). There is a strong Latin American environmental thinking that enumerates, and denounces the multitude of environmental conflicts that the growth of the social metabolism brings with it.…”