“…In China, C. spinosa (also named wild watermelon) mainly distributed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is a kind of sand binding plant and its buds, leaves, roots, and fruits have been used in traditional Uighur Medicine to treat gout and rheumatoid arthritis for a long time [ 8 ]. Recently, many studies have been reported that C. spinosa contains a lot of biochemical compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, terpenoids, lectin, essential oils, glycosinolate, and glycosides [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], which exhibited a broad range of activities such as anti-inflammatory [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], anti-viral [ 17 , 18 ], anti-allergeric [ 19 ], anti-arthritic [ 20 ], anti-tumor [ 9 , 17 , 21 ], anti-oxidant [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], anti-nociceptive [ 27 , 28 ], anti-diabetic [ 4 , 29 ], anti-hepatotoxic [ 30 ], anti-hyperglycemic [ 31 ], hypolipidemic [ 32 ], and immunomodulatory [ 18 , 33 ]. However, the effect of C. spinosa on the maturation and cytokine production of DCs is still elusive.…”