Innate Immune Responses to Herpesvirus Infection

O’Connor, Christine M.; Sen, Ganes C.

doi:10.3390/cells10082122

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The IFN-I-mediated innate immune response is one of the most effective defense strategies of the host against viral infection. However, viruses have developed various strategies to evade host immunity during their long evolution (Garcia-Sastre, 2017;O'Connor and Sen, 2021;Verzosa et al, 2021;Ye et al, 2022). PRV regulates the host innate immune responses in several strategies.…”

Section: Ifn-i Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Nie

Zhu²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly infectious disease that can infect most mammals, with pigs as the only natural host, has caused considerable economic losses to the pig husbandry of the world. Innate immunity is the first defense line of the host against the attack of pathogens and is essential for the proper establishment of adaptive immunity. The host uses the innate immune response to against the invasion of PRV; however PRV makes use of various strategies to inhibit the innate immunity to promote the virus replication. Currently, live attenuated vaccine is used to prevent pig from infection with the PRV worldwide, such as Bartha K61. However, a growing number of data indicates that these vaccines do not provide complete protection against new PRV variants that have emerged since late 2011. Here we summarized the interactions between PRV and host innate immunity and the current status of live attenuated PRV vaccines to promote the development of novel and more effective PRV vaccines.

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Section: Ifn-i Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Nie

Zhu²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…HCMV primarily stimulates innate immune cell surface receptors within the body, activating intracellular signal transduction pathways. This leads to the production of various cytokines, including class I interferons and inflammatory cytokines, further recruiting other innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, and providing activation signals for adaptive immune responses to initiate T- and B-cell-specific immune responses [ 18 , 19 ]. Historically, NK cells have been categorized as innate immune cells.…”

Section: Immune Response To CMV Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell Receptors in Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

Liang

Fan

2023

Viruses

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is responsible for widespread infections worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals it is typically latent, while infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can result in severe clinical symptoms or even death. Although there has been significant progress in the treatment and diagnosis of HCMV infection in recent years, numerous shortcomings and developmental limitations persist. There is an urgent need to develop innovative, safe, and effective treatments, as well as to explore early and timely diagnostic strategies for HCMV infection. Cell-mediated immune responses are the primary factor controlling HCMV infection and replication, but the protective role of humoral immune responses remains controversial. T-cells, key effector cells of the cellular immune system, are critical for clearing and preventing HCMV infection. The T-cell receptor (TCR) lies at the heart of T-cell immune responses, and its diversity enables the immune system to differentiate between self and non-self. Given the significant influence of cellular immunity on human health and the indispensable role of the TCR in T-cell immune responses, we posit that the impact of TCR on the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods, as well as on patient monitoring and management of clinical HCMV infection, will be far-reaching and profound. High-throughput and single-cell sequencing technologies have facilitated unprecedented quantitative detection of TCR diversity. With these current sequencing technologies, researchers have already obtained a vast number of TCR sequences. It is plausible that in the near future studies on TCR repertoires will be instrumental in assessing vaccine efficacy, immunotherapeutic strategies, and the early diagnosis of HCMV infection.

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“…Once these sensors detect viral infection, they release an immediate alarm system that produces cytokines and interferons to impede the virus attack. Cytokines and interferons are important for activating those later immune responses such as T-cells and antibodies [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. However, HHVs have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the host cell’s defenses, wherein infection with these viruses substantially reshapes the gene expression landscape of the host cell by altering overall messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance or translation and repressing immune-stimulatory signals [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Herpesvirus Infections Of the Nervous System And The Innate ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids Target Human Herpesviruses That Infect the Nervous System: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Insights

Šudomová¹,

Berchová‐Bímová

Mazuráková

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are large DNA viruses with highly infectious characteristics. HHVs can induce lytic and latent infections in their host, and most of these viruses are neurotropic, with the capacity to generate severe and chronic neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of HHV infections based on strategies that include natural products-derived drugs is one of the most rapidly developing fields of modern medicine. Therefore, in this paper, we lend insights into the recent advances that have been achieved during the past five years in utilizing flavonoids as promising natural drugs for the treatment of HHVs infections of the nervous system such as alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and varicella-zoster virus), beta-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus), and gamma-herpesviruses (Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). The neurological complications associated with infections induced by the reviewed herpesviruses are emphasized. Additionally, this work covers all possible mechanisms and pathways by which flavonoids induce promising therapeutic actions against the above-mentioned herpesviruses.

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Innate Immune Responses to Herpesvirus Infection

Cited by 16 publications

References 156 publications

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Prospects of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell Receptors in Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy

Flavonoids Target Human Herpesviruses That Infect the Nervous System: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Insights

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