Innate immunity modulation in the duodenal mucosa induced by REM sleep deprivation during infection with Trichinella spirallis

Abstract

Sleep is considered to be an important predictor of the immunity, since the absence of sleep can affect the development of the immune response, and consequently increase the susceptibility to contract an infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate if sleep deprivation and stress induce dysregulation of the duodenal mucous membrane during the acute infection with Trichinella spiralis. Our results shows that, in the intestinal mucous membrane, stress and sleep deprivation, produces different effect in the cells, and this effect depends on the studied duodenal compartment, glands or villi. The sleep deprivation affect mast cells mainly, and the stress response is more heterogeneous. Interestingly, in the duodenal mucous membrane, none population of cells in the infected groups responded equally to both conditions. These findings suggest that the response of the intestinal mucous membrane during the infection caused for T. spiralis turns out to be affected in the sleep-deprived rats, therefore, the results of the present study sustain the theory that sleep is a fundamental process that is capable of modulating the immune response of mucous membranes, particularly the one generated against the parasite Trichinella spiralis.

The lack of myelin in the mutanttaieprat induces a differential immune response related to protection to the human parasiteTrichinella spiralis

“…Our study provides evidence of how neuroimmune communication modifies the behavior of different cell populations at different levels of organization that impact the amount of infestation of a well-known parasite. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which neuroimmune interactions alter the acquisition of immunity against the human nematode parasite T. spiralis [22]. A study of the effects of myelin deprivation not only gives us knowledge of the role that myelin may have on different systems in the organism, but it also gives us tools to understand the relationship between different systems, in particular the CNS and immune system, which maintains a balance between them [23].…”

“…Our findings show that demyelination of the CNS modifies immune cell percentage, and its cytokine pattern at systemic level, which impact on the number of larvae established in the duodenum. These changes may be able to modify certain behaviors to induce protection during acute infection and impair T. spiralis life cycle [22]. However, this field still remains poorly studied, and consequently the function of the CNS and cell components in the immune response to pathogens it is beginning to be understood.…”

“…However, this field still remains poorly studied, and consequently the function of the CNS and cell components in the immune response to pathogens it is beginning to be understood. Talking about the CNS, a wide variety of research has addressed the importance of physiological functions, such as sleep for the functioning of the immune system [22, 26]. In 2009, Preston and colleagues analyzed the possibility that sleep has evolved across species to allow the organism special protection against parasitic infections [27].…”

The deficiency of myelin in the mutant taiep rat induces a differential immune response related to protection from the human parasite Trichinella spiralis

“…Our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which neuroimmune interactions alter the acquisition of immunity against the human nematode parasite T . spiralis [ 22 ]. A study of the effects of progressive myelin decrease not only gives us knowledge of the role that myelin may have on different systems in the organism, but it also gives us tools to understand the relationship between different systems, in particular the CNS and immune system, which maintains a balance between them [ 23 ].…”

“…These changes may be able to modify certain behaviors to induce protection during acute infection and impair T . spiralis life cycle [ 22 ]. However, this field still remains poorly studied, and, consequently the function of the CNS and cell components in the immune response to pathogens it is beginning to be understood.…”