Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature

Vivarelli, Marco

doi:10.2753/jei0021-3624480106

Cited by 401 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…On the other hand, concerning product innovation, theory would predict a positive link between the introduction of new products and sales growth, as indeed efforts directed to creation and commercialization of new products represent the primer strategy for expansion and growth (Hay and 1 There also exists a huge literature on the effects of different types of innovation on growth of employment, where the main focus is on the lost-lasting debate on the labour-saving vs. labour augmenting effect of innovation (see Vivarelli, 2014, for an exhaustive survey). We do not discuss this literature here, as we are more interested in a measure of growth capturing success on the market.…”

Section: Innovative Inputs Innovative Outputs and Their Relation Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation Strategies and Firm Growth

2016

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Section: Innovative Inputs Innovative Outputs and Their Relation Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation Strategies and Firm Growth

2016

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“…Lacking in skill accumulation, a structured labor shortage has emerged with the increasing demand for skilled workers, and, under these circumstances, labor-intensive industries have been transferred into other neighboring LDCs [16]. Innovation is believed to have a strong skill-bias [42], that is to say, innovation and skill intensity usually complement one another. Empirical studies confirm that firms doing R&D (R&D is usually taken as an important type of innovative activity) have a higher demand for skilled labor [4], and R&D expenditures are positively and significantly related to skill upgrading in some middle income countries [36].…”

Section: Labor Migration and Human Capital Growth/skill Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is argued that innovation in developing countries is inherently connected with trade, FDI, and a consequent international transfer of technology [42]. Salomon and Shaver (2005) proposed a "learning by exports" hypothesis (LEH) and argued that access to foreign markets provides exporting firms with feedback from their foreign partners, which is useful for their internal innovation [43].…”

Section: Labor Migration and Human Capital Growth/skill Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China

et al. 2017

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Extant research pays little attention to unorganized migrant workers' skill accumulation/upgrading from the perspective of the labor supply. This paper takes China as an example to explore the factors influencing the skill accumulation of rural-urban migrant workers (RUMWs), with the purpose of discovering how to sustain or reshape regional competitive advantages by improving RUMWs' skill accumulation. Structured questionnaire surveys were adopted for data collection in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. In total, 700 questionnaires were issued and 491 effective questionnaires were recovered. It takes the perspective of individual laborers, with special regard to the effects of localization on the laborers' skill accumulation within the context of globalization. It adopts a broad viewpoint including intra-firm skill-biased strategy (as a response to intense competition), inter-firm relationships, and the accessibility of local non-firm organizations. The findings indicate that firms' skill preference, which impacts employees' skills and innovation ability and stimulates them to learn with initiative, have a significant influence on RUMWs' skill accumulation. In terms of collective efficiency based on the co-competitive relationship between local firms, the more intensive interactions are, the more opportunities RUMWs are afforded for skill accumulation. The accessibility of local institutions and favorable policies also benefit RUMWs' skill accumulation. In addition, the place itself, as a synthesized space of a firm's internal labor-management relations and inter-organizational relations, also exerts an influence on and causes regional differences in RUMWs' skill accumulation.

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“…Science, technology and innovation are crucial in the transformation of Kenya"s economy from a factor driven economy to an innovation driven economy (MoEST & KNBS, 2012). Vivarelli (2014) asserts that achieving industrial production excellence is seen as essential to survival and economic growth of any country in this age of globalization. To meet the needs of the ever changing customer and market demands, escalating competition and the necessity to control and reduce rising costs; firms in the manufacturing and service sectors are forced to increase their innovation by adoption of new products, new marketing strategies, new process and new organizational types (Günday et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intensity of Knowledge Capital Investment in Kenya: Evidence from Manufacturing and Service Sectors

Ndicu

Wacuka²

2017

IJEF

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The study investigates the extent to which firms in Kenya manufacturing and service sectors invest in knowledge capital leading to innovations. 534 firms were included in the analysis. This was the combined data from the first Kenya innovation survey data of 2012, which covered 158 firms, (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) and the second Kenya innovation survey of 2015 which covered 376 firms (2012)(2013)(2014). The Crépon, Duguet, and Mairessec (CDM) (1998) model, which considers a system of four equations: innovation propensity, innovation investment, innovation output and performance equations, was used as the estimation technique. The results revealed that, a firm"s decision to spend on R&D was significantly influenced by firm ownership, financial turnover and product innovativeness. A firm"s R&D intensity was significantly determined by its financial turnover and ownership. A firm"s activity and financial turnover were also significant in determining whether it introduced a new product in the market or not. The results of this paper suggest that a firm"s financial turnover was significant in R&D decisions but R&D intensity did not significantly matter to a firm"s product innovativeness. Further, a firm"s level of innovativeness was a significant determinant of its productivity. In addition, the results suggest that, innovations among the Kenyan firms in the manufacturing and service sectors were heavily reliant on financial capital and were struggling to convert knowledge inputs into product output. This study thus recommends a policy that incorporates the academia and firm level innovation with national innovation systems to enhance knowledge and skill intensive innovations that are new to the world.

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Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of Economic Literature

Cited by 401 publications

References 99 publications

Innovation Strategies and Firm Growth

Innovation Strategies and Firm Growth

Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China

The Intensity of Knowledge Capital Investment in Kenya: Evidence from Manufacturing and Service Sectors

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