Innovation for a New Tax Incentive: Patent Box Regime Turkey and the EU Application

Şakar, Ayşe Yiğit

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.269

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For some time, in particular during our observational period, the various tax rules have not 13 In the Netherlands, the 2010 reform of the patent box resulted in a drop of the effective tax burden on IP income to 5 percent and additionally the cap on income qualifying for the patent box was abolished (EY, 2009(EY, , 2010. In France, the 2010 abolition of the surcharge on the corporate tax also impacted the taxation of IP income, reducing the effective tax burden on IP income to 15 percent versus 34.4 percent on regular income (PwC, 2013;Sakar, 2015). In Hungary, the threshold for firm profits that qualify for the reduced corporate tax rate of only 10 percent (5 percent for IP-related income) was significantly increased in 2012, resulting in a substantial reduction in the average tax burden on IP income (EY, 2005(EY, , 2012).…”

Section: The Countries Depicted Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Just Luring Reported Profit? The Case of European Patent Boxes

2018

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Section: The Countries Depicted Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Just Luring Reported Profit? The Case of European Patent Boxes

2018

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“…A segunda e a terceira abordagem visam discutir o contexto explicativo desta importância e a quem demanda tal importância e caso não, o porquê disso. No que tange as pesquisas antecedentes que verificaram os incentivos fiscais a PD&I e relacionaram com o ambiente organizacional destacam-se os estudos de Santos et al (2013), Sakar (2015), Guimarães et al (2016Guimarães et al ( ), Šeligová, (2016 e Kaveski et al (2020). Tais pesquisas discutem as principais categorias de incentivos fiscais a PD&I.…”

Section: Hipóteses Da Pesquisaunclassified

“…Já o tamanho, mensurado a partir do logaritmo natural do ativo, mostrou-se significante apenas quando regredido em um modelo isolado das demais variáveis. Sakar (2015) discute os incentivos fiscais para os direitos de propriedade industrial denominados de regime de caixa de patentes, como promotor da competividade e mecanismo de atração de investimentos estrangeiros para países como Turquia e os presentes na União Europeia. A autora discute se a efetividade e a eficiência da utilização de incentivos a PD&I estão relacionados também ao tempo e espaço, o qual são aplicados, ou seja, as condições econômicas, políticas e sociais também são fatores que possuem influência no sucesso da política fiscal.…”

Section: Hipóteses Da Pesquisaunclassified

Reflexo do uso da lei do bem na taxa efetiva dos tributos sobre o lucro em empresas listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão B3

Lopes

Meurer

Kaveski

et al. 2021

UFAMBR

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Este estudo objetivou verificar à luz da Teoria Econômica da Regulação (TER) o reflexo do uso da Lei do Bem na taxa efetiva dos tributos sobre o lucro (ETR) em empresas listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]³. A população compreende as 494 empresas listadas na [B]³ e aplicou-se a técnica de regressão de dados em painel por meio de um processo de amostragem não-balanceado, o que canalizou uma a amostra de 167 companhias, com 1.132 observações. A partir dos resultados foi possível constatar que o uso da Lei do Bem exerce influência positiva e significativa sobre a taxa efetiva dos tributos sobre o lucro (ETR) em empresas listadas na [B]³. As evidências apresentadas neste estudo expõem a necessidade de melhor compreensão da viabilidade técnica do uso da Lei do Bem pelas empresas analisadas. Tal lacuna é explanada com parcimônia, visto algumas restrições e evidências teórico-empíricas da investigação. A partir da TER, nota-se que o comportamento das organizações é regulamentado nos termos de condutas, como ocorre com as empresas usuárias da Lei do Bem da amostra, visto as inúmeras obrigações e controles que devem ser observados para o uso do benefício fiscal. Por fim, ressalta-se que não se almeja esgotar as possibilidades de investigações, tampouco elucidar, de modo contundente, a inviabilidade deste benefício fiscal. Mas sim, promover discussões neste campo disciplinar do conhecimento a respeito do uso, estruturação, aderência e utilidade da Lei do Bem para as empresas e para o fomento da pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação do Brasil.

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“…Technological innovation is a risky, resource-consuming activity and exhibits high failure rates. Firms investing in R&D protect inventions through patents, which may originate technologically advanced products that influence economic growth (Gao et al, 2016;Sakar, 2015). Intangibles are increasingly seen as critical to growth and development (Corrado et al, 2006).…”

Section: Literature Review 21 Tax Incentives and Investment In Intangiblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Portuguese intellectual property box: issues in designing investment incentives

Martins

2018

JITLP

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss tax and accounting issues related to the evolution of the intellectual property box in Portugal and present a preliminary view of its impact. In 2014, Portugal adopted an Intellectual Property (IP) box, exempting from corporate taxation half of the gross revenue obtained from selling IP rights. In 2016, the country adopted a new IP regime, in line with BEPS’ recommendations, with stricter rules for exempting income. The “modified nexus approach”, recommended by the OECD, was the cornerstone of legal changes. The research questions addressed in this paper are as follows: was the Portuguese IP box, set up in 2014, internationally competitive in terms of the scope of qualifying assets and the tax rate when compared to other EU countries? Could its legal design induce potential corporate tax avoidance? Does the new IP box framework reduce avoidance opportunities and does it increase tax and accounting complexity for companies and tax auditors? Design/methodology/approach The methodology used in this paper is based on the legal research method combined with a case study analysis of the IP box in Portugal. The economic motivation for legal changes, the interaction between the tax authorities and the policy makers in the wake of BEPS’ recommendations, and the economic crisis that Portugal faced, influenced legislative options. A multidisciplinary approach is required to analyse the IP box modifications, and the methodology follows this line of enquiry. Findings The author concludes that the 2014 IP box was not competitive in terms of the scope of qualifying assets and the tax rate. However, it could be a potential tool for tax avoidance, mainly linked to transfer pricing strategies. Legal changes, introduced in 2016, by enacting stricter rules for granting tax benefits, fit a worldwide trend of restraining profit shifting opportunities linked to intangibles. The new framework clearly impacts tax and accounting complexity, for companies and tax auditors. Preliminary data, for 2014 and 2015, show a negligible impact of the IP box on corporate taxation. Practical implications The “modified nexus approach” is not a definitive panacea for fighting tax avoidance. Multinationals may move resources (e.g. highly specialized persons) to entities that are developing IP, curtailing the restriction associated with acquiring services from related parties. Tax authorities may fight these schemes, but face a challenging task. The grandfathering option and new accounting choices related to expense allocation are delicate issues. Not all countries adopted BEPS’ recommendations at the same time, which may impact international profit shifting activities and increase tax authorities’ costs to control them. The paper also provides preliminary and exploratory evidence that IP boxes, per se, do not suddenly raise the R&D activity of firms. Originality/value The analysis highlights legal, accounting and economic issues in dealing with changes in investment incentives and can or may be a useful remainder for countries in the process of setting up, or amending, IP boxes.

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Innovation for a New Tax Incentive: Patent Box Regime Turkey and the EU Application

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Is it Just Luring Reported Profit? The Case of European Patent Boxes

Is it Just Luring Reported Profit? The Case of European Patent Boxes

Reflexo do uso da lei do bem na taxa efetiva dos tributos sobre o lucro em empresas listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão B3

The Portuguese intellectual property box: issues in designing investment incentives

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