Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach

Ahmad, Manzoor; Khattak, Shoukat Iqbal; Khan, Anwar; Rahman, Zia Ur

doi:10.1007/s10651-020-00442-8

Cited by 182 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…This result suggested that some cities, provinces, and municipalities in China, with less stringent regulations, have become pollution havens in an attempt to attract FDI and pollution-intensive industries. This result validated the previous studies conducted for China (Ur Rahman et al, 2019); OECD (Manzoor Ahmad et al, 2020); newly industrialized nations (Destek & Okumus, 2019); Cote d'Ivoire (Assamoi et al, 2020); ASEAN (Guzel & Okumus, 2020);…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

Sun

Jiang

Khattak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Higher education R&D expenditures (HEEXP) are one of the important determinants of economic growth that facilitates science, technology, new ideas, and innovation, but its effect on environmental sustainability remains unexplored. This paper examines the nexus between HEEXP and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e), followed by control variables such as electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and total population for the period 2000Q1-2019Q4. Some of the key results are as follows. First, the present findings confirmed the long-run cointegration among variables. Second, the finding showed significant long-term negative nexus between HEEXP and CO2e. Third, the findings indicated that electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and total population are the important factors that intensify the overall situation of CO2e. Fourth, the results indicated that there exist a bi-directional causality between EC and CO2e; FDI and CO2e; GDP and CO2e; POP and CO2e and HEEXP, and CO2e.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Khan & Ozturk, 2020); European economies (Mert, Bölük, & Çağlar, 2019); BRI region (A. Khan, Chenggang, Hussain, & Bano, 2019); OIC countries (Ali, Yusop, Kaliappan, & Chin, 2020); and OECD countries (Manzoor Ahmad, Khattak, Khan, & Rahman, 2020).…”

Section: Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Co 2 Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

Sun

Jiang

Khattak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…keeping this question in mind, we specify recursive models for CO 2 e, renewable energy consumption, FDI, tourism development and GDP. To the theoretical relevance of the taken variables, the indicator of environmental degradation in terms of CO 2 emissions, and real GDP is obtained from the study of (Shah et al 2019 ; Sun et al 2020 ), where the theoretical relevance of getting the tourism variables in the current study are coming from (Zaman et al 2016a , b ); similarly, the FDI inflows are obtained in line with (Ahmad et al 2020 ). Finally, renewable energy is taken from the study of (Ben Jebli et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: an empirical analysis of Pakistan

Bano

Alam

Khan

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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In the current study, we investigate the dynamic association of tourism, renewable energy, income, foreign direct investment (FDI), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 e) for Pakistan over 1990-2017. We established four plausible hypotheses and verified by employing the autoregressive distributed lags model and Granger causality based on vector error correction model (VECM). Considering the cointegration relationship between the variables, the outcomes of autoregressive distributed lags suggested that tourism increases economic growth, and economic growth induces tourism in the long-run, thus confirming tourismled development, and growth-led tourism hypothesis; similarly, the tourism generates CO 2 e emissions, which supported the tourism-led emission hypothesis. The role of renewable energy consumption found to be a significant moderator, thus helping to enrich tourism, accelerating economic growth, and combating CO 2 e in the country. VECM causal results indicated the significant bidirectional causal linkages between tourism and economic growth-another causality found between tourism and CO 2 e. There is one-way causality from FDI and renewable energy towards income simultaneously. Overall, the designers of policies will find this study useful for policymaking at government levels for smooth economic growth, investment, and sustainable tourism sector.

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“…On the OECD region, Ahmad et al (2020) carried out an investigative study and confirmed FDI as a vital promoter of CO 2 secretions. This finding supports that of Li et al (2020a) and Minh (2020) for Vietnam, but contradicts that of Huang et al (2019) for Chinese provinces.…”

Section: Fdi-co 2 Emission Nexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between urbanization, energy consumption, foreign direct investments and CO₂ emanations: An empirical evidence from the emerging seven (E7) countries

Musah

et al. 2021

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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This study investigated the link between energy consumption (EC), foreign direct investments (FDI), urbanization (URB) and CO2 emissions in the emerging seven (E7) countries for the period 1991 to 2014. The exploration made a methodological contribution by employing modern econometric methods that are robust to the issues of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, so as to obtain valid and reliable outcomes. From the results, the panel under consideration was heterogeneous and cross-sectionally correlated. Also, the series were first differenced stationary and cointegrated in the long-run. The DCCEMG and the DCCEPMG estimators were engaged to explore the long-run elastic effects of the covariates on the response variable, and from the results, EC and URB were key promoters of CO2 effusions in the countries. However, FDI mitigated the emanation of CO2 in the nations. Additionally, economic growth (GDP) and population growth (POP) escalated the emittance of CO2 in the E7. On the D-H causality test outcomes, a feedback causality amid POP and CO2 effusions; GDP and CO2 excretions; FDI and CO2 emissivities; and between URB and CO2 secretions were discovered. Finally, a one-way causation from URB to the effluents of CO2 was unfolded. Based on the verdicts, policy suggestions were proposed to help abate the rate of CO2 exudations in the countries.

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Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach

Cited by 182 publications

References 119 publications

Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: an empirical analysis of Pakistan

The link between urbanization, energy consumption, foreign direct investments and CO₂ emanations: An empirical evidence from the emerging seven (E7) countries

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Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach

Cited by 182 publications

References 119 publications

Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

Do Higher Education Research and Development Expenditures affect Environmental Sustainability? New Evidence from Thirty-One Chinese Provinces

The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: an empirical analysis of Pakistan

The link between urbanization, energy consumption, foreign direct investments and CO2 emanations: An empirical evidence from the emerging seven (E7) countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The link between urbanization, energy consumption, foreign direct investments and CO₂ emanations: An empirical evidence from the emerging seven (E7) countries