Innovations in cement-based materials: Addressing sustainability in structural and infrastructure applications

Abstract

Concrete is the most used material on Earth except for water. Thus, there is much to be gained through improvements in the manufacturing of cement and the production of concrete to meet societal demand in a sustainable manner. This article reviews recent developments in three areas that have the potential to transform the ways in which infrastructure is specifi ed, designed, and constructed: (1) expanding the use of supplementary cementitious materials and the identifi cation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials, (2) growing the use of alternative cements and binder technologies, and (3) developing alternative reinforcement options. Strategies to facilitate the transfer of these emerging and next-generation materials and technologies from the research arena into real structures are also discussed.

The Mechanism of Misalignment of Saw Cutting Crack of Concrete Pavement

“…The amounts of pores and the growth of product hydration can be seen in Figure 17 [23]. t c is the misalignment cutting time crack in the observed toll road.…”

“…Concrete evolution, (a) water quantity gradient, (b) microstructure evolution, (c) granular stress and pore water pressure[23,25].…”

Calcium Sulfoaluminate, Geopolymeric, and Cementitious Mortars for Structural Applications

“…In order to reduce CO 2 emissions in the life cycle of mortars/concretes, several approaches [7][8][9][10] have been suggested, such as replacing virgin materials with industrial by-products [11][12][13][14], improving durability in order to reduce maintenance costs [15], and increasing the use of low-CO 2 Portland cements and the development of alternative low-CO 2 binders. As an example, low-CO 2 cements can be produced by using non-carbonated CaO sources as a constituent of the Portland clinker-generating raw mix [16,17] or increasing the production of blended cements, obtained by mixing Portland clinker with…”

A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Nanomaterials for Medical Implants and Feasibility Studies on Fabrication of Such Implants by Additive Manufacturing Technique

“…Cellulose fillers can be classified into three categories: (i) cellulose nanocrystals (CNs), (ii) cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and (3) bacterial cellulose (BC) [48]. The use of CNs as additives in cement-based materials have shown potential for improving mechanical strength [49][50][51]. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of CNs are also interesting for biomedical applications, such as tissue repair and healing (skin, bones) and medical implants.…”