“…The second type of definition of innovativeness understands the term as “the quality of being innovative” (Kumar, 2014, p. 3) and is in line with the definition of major dictionaries (e.g., “Innovativeness,” 2018a, 2018b, 2018c). In this context, innovativeness can be defined as the conditions that “need to be created for a system to continuously—not just intermittently—induce innovations” (Trantow, Hees, & Jeschke, 2011, p. 3) and can be applied to entities, from individuals to entire societies. For national innovativeness, different terms are in use, such as innovative capacity (Furman, Porter, & Stern, 2002; Porter & Stern, 2001), propensity to innovate (Williams & McGuire, 2010), or innovation performance (Adam, 2013; Gault, 2014).…”