Innovative design of bicycle helmet liners

Teng, Tso–Liang; Liang, Cho–Chung; Nguyen, Van-Hai

doi:10.1177/1464420713493590

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They can be fabricated from conventional materials such as foam [306,307] or textiles [51,308], or designed as periodical/graded cellular structures [12][13][14]309]. Mechanical metamaterials can also be made from sheets of material by folding (known as origami) [310][311][312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327], or by folding, cutting, and joining (known as kirigami) [17, [328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344]. With high levels of control over end properties-given the additional degrees of design freedom afforded by controlling topology and base material-mechanical metamaterials are well suited to addressing complex engineering problems, like impact protection [17,50,262].…”

Section: Mechanical Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance

Haid,

Foster,

Hart

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Sports concussions are a public health concern. Improving helmet performance to reduce concussion risk is a key part of the research and development community response. Head impacts with compliant surfaces that cause long duration moderate or high linear and rotational accelerations are associated with a high rate of clinical diagnoses of concussion. As engineered structures with unusual combinations of properties, mechanical metamaterials are being applied to sports helmets, with the goal of improving impact performance and reducing brain injury risk. Replacing established helmet material (i.e., foam) selection with a metamaterials design approach (structuring material to obtain desired properties) allows development of near optimal properties. Objective functions based on up to date understanding of concussion could be applied to topology optimisation regimes, when designing mechanical metamaterials for helmets. Such regimes balance computational efficiency with predictive accuracy, both of which could be improved under high strains and strain rates to allow helmet modifications as knowledge of concussion develops. Researchers could also share mechanical metamaterial data, topologies and computational models in open, homogenised repositories, to improve the efficiency of their development.

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Section: Mechanical Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance

Haid,

Foster,

Hart

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…To design a liner structure that provides highly effective protection, an innovative liner design including a truncated conical form and a semispherical form were previously investigated by authors. 17 According to the energy absorption analyses of various types of liner in Teng et al, 17 a liner design with semispherical cones provided greater head protection than other liners did. Therefore, helmet model with semispherical cone liner was studied in this section.…”

Section: Design Of a Helmet With A Semispherical Cone Liner Design Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a bicycle helmet liner with semispherical cones

Teng

Liang

Nguyen

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Helmets reduce the frequency and severity of head and brain injuries resulting from bicycle crashes. Generally, a bike helmet consists of the outer shell, liner, vents and straps. The liner is the major helmet component reducing head injury in an accident. Using superior energy absorbing structures and materials as helmet liners to meet the higher safety standards should thus be considered. In this study, a shock absorption test was performed in accordance with the EN1078 standard to evaluate the energy absorption capability of a helmet on the market. Then, the finite element analyses of helmet impact tests modelled using LS-DYNA software. To verify the accuracy of the model, the simulation results were compared with experimental data. Finally, an innovative design of helmet model with semispherical cone liner was considered in this study. To assess the dynamic energy absorption of this helmet, a simulation was performed in accordance with the EN1087 standard for shock absorption tests. The resultant simulation revealed that the helmet with the semispherical cone liner has the potential to protect the human head. This innovative design for a helmet liner can serve as a valuable idea to assist future development of safety-helmet technologies.

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“…The introduction of dynamic, nonlinear finite element solvers has shifted helmet development toward simulation-based design [4,5,6]. The availability of supercomputers, advanced design algorithms (e.g., topology optimization), and additive manufacturing offers a unique opportunity to shorten the helmet development cycle and achieve high performance [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Helmet Liner Design through Bio-inspired Structures and Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanism Lattices

Najmon

DeHart

Wood

et al. 2018

SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety

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The continuous development of sport technologies constantly demands advancements in protective headgear to reduce the risk of head injuries. This article introduces new cellular helmet liner designs through two approaches. The first approach is the study of energy-absorbing biological materials. The second approach is the study of lattices comprised of force-diverting compliant mechanisms. On the one hand, bio-inspired liners are generated through the study of biological, hierarchical materials. An emphasis is given on structures in nature that serve similar concussion-reducing functions as a helmet liner. Inspiration is drawn from organic and skeletal structures. On the other hand, compliant mechanism lattice (CML)-based liners use topology optimization to synthesize rubber cellular unit cells with effective positive and negative Poisson's ratios. Three lattices are designed using different cellular unit cell arrangements, namely, all positive, all negative, and alternating effective Poisson's ratios. The proposed cellular (bio-inspired and CML-based) liners are embedded between two polycarbonate shells, thereby, replacing the traditional expanded polypropylene foam liner used in standard sport helmets. The cellular liners are analyzed through a series of 2D extruded ballistic impact simulations to determine the best performing liner topology and its corresponding rubber hardness. The cellular design with the best performance is compared against an expanded polypropylene foam liner in a 3D simulation to appraise its protection capabilities and verify that the 2D extruded design simulations scale to an effective 3D design.

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Innovative design of bicycle helmet liners

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance

Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance

Assessment of a bicycle helmet liner with semispherical cones

Cellular Helmet Liner Design through Bio-inspired Structures and Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanism Lattices

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