Innovative Development of Batch Dyed 3D Printed Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene Objects

Abstract

According to the great impact of additive technology on the development of modern industry, a lot of research is being done to obtain 3D printed parts with better properties. This research is extremely important because there are no scientific papers in the field of post dyeing of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) 3D printed parts. The experiment was carried out using disperse dyes on ABS specimens. The obtained coloration of the specimens was in the primary colors (yellow, red, and blue) in the specified dyestuff concentration range and was evaluated using an objective CIELab system. Based on the obtained color parameters, remission values and Kubelka-Munk coefficient, dye mixtures and an ombre effect were performed to obtain patterns in the desired hues. Abrasion resistance of disperse dyed specimens was tested using different abrasive materials over a wide range of fineness to simulate different indoor and outdoor soils and was compared to abrasion resistance of specimens produced from the industrially dyed wire with the master batch. The results show that 3D printed ABS products can be produced in one or more desired shades with satisfactory abrasion resistance. This undoubtedly represents the added value of 3D printed ABS parts and extends their application to the field of creative industries and design, specifically footwear design.

Optimization of the FDM Processing Parameters on the Compressive Properties of ABS Objects for the Production of High-Heeled Shoes

“…Before conducting the tests, a preliminary test was carried out to determine the lower and upper limits of the processing parameters [58]:  A-layer thickness, LT = 0.10 to 0.30 mm;  B-infill density, ID = 10 to 40%;  C-extrusion temperature, ϑ = 205 to 255 °C.…”

“…AM processes can be used to produce functional footwear parts with very complex geometries, good dimensional tolerances, and smooth surfaces of the manufactured parts. A significant advantage of these processes is the ability to produce models in color or to color them subsequently if needed [45]. The applicability of 3D printing technology in the production of shoe models and prototypes includes tests that allow a detailed analysis of the aesthetic aspect and the association of design elements with anthropometric features and foot geometry, as well as the targeted mechanical properties in the early stages of development [46][47][48][49].…”

“…The application of AM to footwear can be divided into three categories: 3D printing of individual shoe parts, such as soles, heels, and decorative or functional details [45,48,[50][51][52]; 3D printing of shoes with simple or complex geometries [49,53,54]; 3D printing of built-in parts, such as insoles [55,56].…”

“…An analysis of the influence of three adjustable processing parameters of 3D printing and two geometric parameters (linear infill (L45) and honeycomb infill) on the mechanical properties, compressive strength, and compressive modulus was carried out using the central composite design. This work is part of research carried out as part of the author's PhD thesis [58]. Although there are several examples of 3D printing applications in the footwear sector using AM processes with different materials, the application of ABS in this sector is relatively under-researched.…”

Applicability of polymers printed on textiles with a 3D printer for possible use in car interior

“…Nowadays, the use of various 3D printers is widespread in various industries such as implantology, orthopaedics and dentistry, and more recently in textile technology for the production of personal protective equipment, sportswear, interior textiles for acoustic comfort as sector of technical textiles, as well as in the field of creative industries and design, especially in shoe design using ABS 3D-printed parts [6,8,9]. In a study, the authors state that three-dimensional printing offers the possibility to produce functional garments adapted to body contours by printing protective and (postural) support elements directly on textiles with improved comfort.…”