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Relevance. The development of fermented herbal beverages will make it possible not only to process grain crops as efficiently as possible, but also to meet the needs of people with intolerance to milk components, as well as those who adhere to a vegetarian diet. As one of the directions, it is possible to offer production of fermented vegetable drinks with predetermined properties by enriching them with antioxidants of polyphenolic nature. These technologies will minimise the risks of non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation and stabilise public health in the long term.Methods. Six samples of fermented herbal beverages were identified as objects of study, two of which were obtained by fermentation of wheat and barley grains using "Bifivit" starter, powdered flavonoid taxifolin was added to other two samples at the fermentation stage, while the last two used the hydroxypropyl-betacyclodextrin encapsulated form of taxifolin. Total flavonoid content using spectrophotometric method, antioxidant activity(AOA) using DPPH-method as well as bioavailability index and digestibility criterion were determined in all tested samples.Results. All the samples of fermented herbal beverages with taxifolin are characterized by sufficiently high flavonoid content. The samples containing encapsulated forms of the flavonoid have, on average, 7 to 8% lower values than the samples of herbal drinks containing the native form of the flavonoid. At the same time, the bioavailability index for the samples containing encapsulated forms of flavonoid was on average 40 to 42% higher, indicating the effectiveness of the encapsulation process. The highest values of antioxidant activity were characteristic of the plant drinks enriched with the initial form of taxifolin, which is probably due to the creation of a protective shell and a decrease in the AOA values by 10–12% on average in samples with encapsulated form. The process of fermentation of vegetable raw materials leads to an increase in their digestibility, as evidenced by the growth of the infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis. Introduction of taxifolin into the formulation of drinks both in its original and encapsulated form increases the growth of protozoa by 187±4–315±3%.
Relevance. The development of fermented herbal beverages will make it possible not only to process grain crops as efficiently as possible, but also to meet the needs of people with intolerance to milk components, as well as those who adhere to a vegetarian diet. As one of the directions, it is possible to offer production of fermented vegetable drinks with predetermined properties by enriching them with antioxidants of polyphenolic nature. These technologies will minimise the risks of non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation and stabilise public health in the long term.Methods. Six samples of fermented herbal beverages were identified as objects of study, two of which were obtained by fermentation of wheat and barley grains using "Bifivit" starter, powdered flavonoid taxifolin was added to other two samples at the fermentation stage, while the last two used the hydroxypropyl-betacyclodextrin encapsulated form of taxifolin. Total flavonoid content using spectrophotometric method, antioxidant activity(AOA) using DPPH-method as well as bioavailability index and digestibility criterion were determined in all tested samples.Results. All the samples of fermented herbal beverages with taxifolin are characterized by sufficiently high flavonoid content. The samples containing encapsulated forms of the flavonoid have, on average, 7 to 8% lower values than the samples of herbal drinks containing the native form of the flavonoid. At the same time, the bioavailability index for the samples containing encapsulated forms of flavonoid was on average 40 to 42% higher, indicating the effectiveness of the encapsulation process. The highest values of antioxidant activity were characteristic of the plant drinks enriched with the initial form of taxifolin, which is probably due to the creation of a protective shell and a decrease in the AOA values by 10–12% on average in samples with encapsulated form. The process of fermentation of vegetable raw materials leads to an increase in their digestibility, as evidenced by the growth of the infusoria Tetrahymena pyriformis. Introduction of taxifolin into the formulation of drinks both in its original and encapsulated form increases the growth of protozoa by 187±4–315±3%.
Управляемая коацервация антиоксидантов как способ получения функциональных пищевых ингредиентов повышенной биодоступности РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность. Полифенольное вещество куркумин является достаточно хорошо изученным и приобретающим популярность растительным антиоксидантом. На сегодняшний день известно достаточно много фармакологических свойств, которые куркумин способен демонстрировать в живых организмах. Однако барьерными факторами проявления биоактивого действия куркумина выступают его крайне выраженная гидрофобность, химическая нестабильность, способность значительно разрушаться под действием ферментов желудочно-кишечного тракта. Всё это требует поиска подходов минимизации негативного воздействия на куркумин в случае его использования как пищевого функционального ингредиента. Одним из таких подходов может стать инкапсуляция куркумина в природные биополимеры, в том числе методом комплексной коацервации. В основе исследования лежала оценка возможности применения комплексной коацервации для получения функционального ингредиента на основе куркумина с выраженными антиоксидантными свойствами. Методы. В качестве объекта исследования был выбран куркумин, для инкапсулирующей системы использовали желатин говяжий и пектин цитрусовый. Первоначально была проведена оценка выхода белково-полисахаридных капсул при различных значениях рН. Оценена эффективность инкапсуляции куркумина в белково-полисахаридные капсулы при различном соотношении «куркумин -желатин». Изучены антиоксидантные свойства куркумина в исходном виде и инкапсулированном, а также проведена оценка сохранения этих свойств после процесса переваривания. Результаты. Итоги исследования показали, что процесс образования белково-полисахаридных капсул достаточно эффективно управляется изменением рН системы. Так, при скачке рН от 7 до 3 было достигнуто наиболее высокое значение выхода белково-полисахаридных капсул (более 70 %). Эффективность же загрузки куркумина в желатин-пектиновые капсулы была максимальной при использовании соотношения «куркумин -желатин», равного 1:1. Однако даже максимальное значение эффективности инкапсуляции не превышало 50 %. Вместе с тем, использование технологии инкапсуляции позволило обеспечить сохранение антиоксидантных свойств куркумина. Потеря антиоксидантной активности неинкапсулированного куркумина после процесса переваривания in vitro составила практически 50 % по отношению к исходной неперваренной форме. Антиоксидантная же активность куркумина, инкапсулированного в белково-полисахаридные капсулы, сохранилась на уровне, близком к исходной форме. Полученные результаты подтвердили возможность и целесообразность использования предложенных подходов для получения пищевых ингредиентов с антиоксидантными свойствами на основе инкапсуляции куркумина. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ 22-76-00059. Ключевые слова: комплексная коацервация, куркумин, эффективность инкапсуляции, антиоксидантные свойства Для цитирования: Фаткуллин Р.И. и др. Управляемая коацервация антиоксидантов как способ получения функциональных пищевых ингред...
An effective waste management system is based on a comprehensive knowledge of the current situation in terms of the quality and quantity of waste generated. The article presents the results of the analysis of economic and production indicators of waste management in the countries of the European Union of the Baltic Sea region: Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland and Sweden. Statistical indicators for 2005–2020 and profile studies have been studied. The indicators of waste generation excluding basic mineral waste per unit of GDP (leader: Estonia — 885–532 kg / 1000 euros), household waste generation (leader: Denmark — 717.5–814 kg/person), the level of disposal of utility costs (leader: Germany — 59.25–68.35%) and the level of biowaste recycling (leader: Denmark — 120.5–151.3 kg/person). Extreme and average values were identified for each indicator for the countries under consideration, the dynamics of growth and decline were determined, general trends were identified, and median values of the indicators under consideration were compared. It was found that the generation of waste per unit of GDP for 2005–2020 decreased from 107.5 to 74 kg / 1000 euros (-31.2%); the formation of household waste increased from 448.75 to 458 kg/person (+2.1%), the level of municipal waste disposal increased from 27.5 to 42% (+14.5%), the number of recycled bio-waste increased from 22.5 to 72.5 kg/person (+222.2%). This allows us to see the results of the EUʼs purposeful work to reduce the negative burden of individual countries on the environmental sustainability of entire regions.
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