Innovative discontinuous-SEI constructed in ether-based electrolyte to maximize the capacity of hard carbon anode

Zeng, Fanghong; Xing, Lidan; Zhang, Wenguang; Xie, Zhangyating; Liu, Mingzhu; Lin, Xiaoyan; Tang, Guangxia; Mo, Changyong; Li, Weishan

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2022.12.044

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…should be featured with high ionic conductivity and good wettability. [45] Thus, the electrolyte consisting of 1 M KPF 6 -DME-LiNO 3 was formulated for the following reasons: 1) DME solvent has a low freezing point (À 58 °C) and a moderate dielectric constant, ensuring smooth ion mobility and high ionic conductivity at low temperature; 2) the relatively high LUMO energy level of DME enhances its compatibility with K metals, reduces SEI formation, and facilitates the embedding of solvent molecules (Figure S13-14); [37] 3) PF 6…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These phenomena can be explained as follows: first, the K embedding would increase steric hindrance and electron density, bringing about stretching of the in‐plane C−C bonding and consequent expansion, which results in the red shift of the G peak [35] . The decreases of the I D /I G values indicate a heightened degree of graphitization during potassiation, [36] while the new peak at 1053 cm −1 is attributed to the co‐intercalated K + ‐solvent compounds in the carbon layer [37] . This was further corroborated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, which revealed the characteristic peaks for the stretching vibration of the ether bond (C−O−C) in the DME‐based electrolyte at 549 and 828 cm −1 (Figure S10) [38] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, a compatible low‐temperature electrolyte should be featured with high ionic conductivity and good wettability [45] . Thus, the electrolyte consisting of 1 M KPF 6 ‐DME‐LiNO 3 was formulated for the following reasons: 1) DME solvent has a low freezing point (−58 °C) and a moderate dielectric constant, ensuring smooth ion mobility and high ionic conductivity at low temperature; 2) the relatively high LUMO energy level of DME enhances its compatibility with K metals, reduces SEI formation, and facilitates the embedding of solvent molecules (Figure S13–14); [37] 3) PF 6 − was selected as the anion due to its low donor number solvents, reducing the energy consume during de‐solvation process; [12] 4) a small amount of LiNO 3 was added to increase the electrolyte's oxidation stability at high voltages (Figure S15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are promising for cryogenic energy storage. However, current researches on low‐temperature PIBs are limited to half cells utilizing potassium metal as an anode, and realizing rechargeable full cells is challenged by lacking viable anode materials and compatible electrolytes. Herein, a hard carbon (HC)‐based low‐temperature potassium‐ion full cell is successfully fabricated for the first time. Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis revealed that potassium storage behaviors of HC anodes in the matched low‐temperature electrolyte involve defect adsorption, interlayer co‐intercalation, and nanopore filling. Notably, these unique potassiation processes exhibited low interfacial resistances and small reaction activation energies, enabling an excellent cycling performance of HC with a capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at −40 °C (68 % of its room‐temperature capacity). Consequently, the HC‐based full cells demonstrated impressive rechargeability and high energy density above 100 Wh kg−1cathode at −40 °C, representing a significant advancement in the development of PIBs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Angew Chem Int Ed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, these results imply the facilitation of Na storage kinetics in the DEGDME-based electrolyte. Zeng et al constructed a discontinuous SEI film on a hard carbon negative electrode by regulating NaPF6 in an ether-based electrolyte according to the storage mechanism of sodium ions in the low-pressure range, including the co-embedding of sodium ions into the carbon layer and the desolating sodium ions into the hole of the carbon [ 113 ]. The discharge capacity was 459.7 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, and the capacity was 357.2 mAh g −1 at 1 C after 500 cycles, with both being higher than other electrolytes.…”

Section: Challenges and Solutions Of Hard Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress of Hard Carbon as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2023

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When compared to expensive lithium metal, the metal sodium resources on Earth are abundant and evenly distributed. Therefore, low-cost sodium-ion batteries are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries and become the most likely energy storage system for large-scale applications. Among the many anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, hard carbon has obvious advantages and great commercial potential. In this review, the adsorption behavior of sodium ions at the active sites on the surface of hard carbon, the process of entering the graphite lamellar, and their sequence in the discharge process are analyzed. The controversial storage mechanism of sodium ions is discussed, and four storage mechanisms for sodium ions are summarized. Not only is the storage mechanism of sodium ions (in hard carbon) analyzed in depth, but also the relationships between their morphology and structure regulation and between heteroatom doping and electrolyte optimization are further discussed, as well as the electrochemical performance of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries. It is expected that the sodium-ion batteries with hard carbon anodes will have excellent electrochemical performance, and lower costs will be required for large-scale energy storage systems.

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“…Zuschriften should be featured with high ionic conductivity and good wettability. [45] Thus, the electrolyte consisting of 1 M KPF 6 -DME-LiNO 3 was formulated for the following reasons: 1) DME solvent has a low freezing point (À 58 °C) and a moderate dielectric constant, ensuring smooth ion mobility and high ionic conductivity at low temperature; 2) the relatively high LUMO energy level of DME enhances its compatibility with K metals, reduces SEI formation, and facilitates the embedding of solvent molecules (Figure S13-14); [37] 3) PF 6…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Angewandte Chemie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are promising for cryogenic energy storage. However, current researches on low-temperature PIBs are limited to half cells utilizing potassium metal as an anode, and realizing rechargeable full cells is challenged by lacking viable anode materials and compatible electrolytes. Herein, a hard carbon (HC)-based low-temperature potassium-ion full cell is successfully fabricated for the first time. Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis revealed that potassium storage behaviors of HC anodes in the matched low-temperature electrolyte involve defect adsorption, interlayer co-intercalation, and nanopore filling. Notably, these unique potassiation processes exhibited low interfacial resistances and small reaction activation energies, enabling an excellent cycling performance of HC with a capacity of 175 mAh g À 1 at À 40 °C (68 % of its room-temperature capacity). Consequently, the HC-based full cells demonstrated impressive rechargeability and high energy density above 100 Wh kg À 1 cathode at À 40 °C, representing a significant advancement in the development of PIBs.

show abstract

Innovative discontinuous-SEI constructed in ether-based electrolyte to maximize the capacity of hard carbon anode

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

The Progress of Hard Carbon as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Full Cells Operating at −40 °C

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