Innovative Load Shedding Scheme to Restore Synchronous Generator-Based Microgrids During FIDVR

Load shedding method aimed fast voltage recovery to prevent interference of FIDVR with UV relays

“…In order to deal with STVI in this paper, the buses whose estimated voltages are lower than the critical voltage at the critical time are identified through (27) and included in the CFs set. Then, the STVI involved buses whose estimated slip of IM loads exceed the critical value are identified through (28) as CSs set. In this equation, s crt M , R r , X r and X s are critical slip, resistance of rotor, rotor reactance and reactance of stator, respectively.…”

“…Methods Description FIDVR quantifying and modelling [1] Presenting an index for determining FIDVR severity using load's amount and short-circuit level [2] Using entropy and divergence of voltage density for determining FIDVR severity [3,4] Using ensemble-based learning model for determining FIDVR severity [5,6] Three-phase/three-sequence modelling of network for off-line FIDVR simulating [7] Time-series load flow for off-line FIDVR simulating [8] Presenting dynamic model based on Lyapunov function for IM loads during FIDVR [9] Presenting aggregate model including stall-mode parameters for IM loads during FIDVR Network-side methods for mitigating FIDVR [10,11] Study on the effect of injected reactive power from DGs on FIDVR severity [12][13][14] Determining the contribution of DGs for mitigating FIDVR using expert rules, drop of voltage/VAr, and optimization problem [15] Study on the effect of injected reactive power from Energy-storages on FIDVR severity [16][17][18][19][20] Allocation of VAr sources for mitigating FIDVR using trajectory sensitivity analysis, optimization algorithm, controllability covariance, mesh adaptive direct search algorithm and Voronoi diagram [21] Utilizing PV-STATCOM for mitigating FIDVR [22,23] Presenting voltage control strategy for VAr sources during FIDVR Load-side methods for mitigating FIDVR [24] Using voltage slope for LS against FIDVR [25] Improving UVLS relays using fuzzy controller against FIDVR [26] Using angle difference between voltage and current of loads for LS against FIDVR [27] Using active and reactive powers of loads for LS against FIDVR [28] Using imaginary part of admittance of feeder for LS against FIDVR [29] Local under-impedance load shedding method [30] Using changes in apparent power of IM loads for determining LS location [31] Optimization-based method for determining LS amou...…”

“…Other local methods investigated to deal with critical FIDVRs include monitoring the active and reactive powers of load to detect the stalled IM loads in [27] and monitoring the imaginary part of the admittance seen from the beginning of the feeder in [28]. LS has been performed in [28] considering the stability margin index of synchronous DGs and the re‐acceleration index of IM loads. Under‐impedance load shedding based on quadratic distance relay is another local method for mitigating FIDVR [29].…”