Innovative X-ray diffraction and micromagnetic approaches for reliable residual stress assessment in deep rolled and microfinished AISI 4140 components

Strodick, Simon; Vogel, Florian; Tilger, Meik; Denstorf, Marie; Kipp, Monika; Baak, Nikolas; Кукуй, Д. М.; Biermann, Dirk; Barrientos, Marina Macias; Walther, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.07.168

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interestingly, there are a few recent studies focused on adopting novel measurement and/or characterization techniques for controlling the DR process. For instance, the wavelet transformation-based identification technique [87], the cos α-method of X-ray diffractometry with the micromagnetic approach [88], techniques for monitoring the surface quality [89], etc. These novel approaches indicate the potential for faster and more efficient control of the DR process in industrial applications.…”

Section: The Deep Rolling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Rolling Techniques: A Comprehensive Review of Process Parameters and Impacts on the Material Properties of Commercial Steels

Noronha,

Sharma,

Prabhu Parkala

et al. 2024

Metals

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The proposed review demonstrates the effect of the surface modification process, specifically, deep rolling, on the material surface/near-surface properties of commercial steels. The present research examines the various process parameters involved in deep rolling and their effects on the material properties of AISI 1040 steel. Key parameters such as the rolling force, feed rate, number of passes, and roller geometry are analyzed in detail, considering their influence on residual stress distribution, surface hardness, and microstructural alterations. Additionally, the impact of deep rolling on the fatigue life, wear resistance, and corrosion behavior of AISI 1040 steel is discussed. Engineering components manufactured by AISI 1040 steel can perform better and last longer when deep rolling treatments are optimized with an understanding of how process variables and material responses interact. This review provides critical insights for researchers and practitioners interested in harnessing deep rolling techniques to enhance the mechanical strength and durability of steel components across diverse industrial settings. In summary, the valuable insights provided by this review pave the way for continued advancements in deep rolling techniques, ultimately contributing to the development of more durable, reliable, and high-performance steel components in diverse industrial applications. The establishment of generalized standardizations for the deep rolling process proves unfeasible because of the multitude of controlling parameters and their intricate interactions. Thus, specific optimization studies tailored to the material of interest are imperative for process standardization. The published literature on the characterization of surface and subsurface properties of deep-rolled AISI 1040 steel, as well as process parameter optimization, remains limited. Additionally, numerical, analytical, and statistical studies and the role of ANN are limited compared with experimental work on the deep rolling process.

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Section: The Deep Rolling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Rolling Techniques: A Comprehensive Review of Process Parameters and Impacts on the Material Properties of Commercial Steels

Noronha,

Sharma,

Prabhu Parkala

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…The Proto apparatus is limited to seven different incident angles between ±13 • ; for each incident angle, 30 exposures of 0.25 s were used, so measuring time was 52.5 s. All the diffraction peaks were fitted by using the Gaussian peak fitting method to obtain the value of residual stress. (2) The measurement device used for the cosα method is Pulstec µ-X360n X-ray residual stress analyzer with Cr-tube (X-ray wavelength λ = 2.291 Å, operating voltage is 30KV, operating current is 2mA), which is a compact portable system with a 2D area detector based on the principle that the strains are first determined by the acquired Debye-Scherrer ring and then the residual stress is calculated by the cosine α method [19][20][21]. The Kα doublet from {220} plane's family was used due to its high Bragg's angle (2θ = 128.902 • ) providing better accuracy of measurement; the surface of the STACER was cleaned by ethanol without any other treatment.…”

Section: Residual Stress Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Co40NiCrMo Alloy Used for STACERs and Prepared by the CSPB Process and the Winding and Stabilization Method

Han

Liu

et al. 2023

Materials

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The Co40NiCrMo alloy, used for STACERs fabricated by the CSPB (compositing stretch and press bending) process (cold forming) and the winding and stabilization (winding and heat treatment) method, was investigated with regard to its tensile property, residual stress, and microstructure. The Co40NiCrMo STACER prepared by the winding and stabilization method was strengthened with lower ductility (tensile strength/elongation: 1562 MPa/5%) compared to that prepared by CSPB (tensile strength/elongation: 1469 MPa/20.4%). The residual stress of the STACER prepared by winding and stabilization (τxy = −137 MPa) showed consistency with that obtained through CSPB (τxy = −131 MPa). Combined with the driving force and pointing accuracy performances, the optimum heat treatment parameters for the winding and stabilization method were determined as 520 °C + 4 h. The HABs in the winding and stabilization STACER (98.3%, of which 69.1% were Σ3 boundaries) were much higher than those in the CSPB STACER (34.6%, of which 19.2% were Σ3 boundaries), while deformation twins and h.c.p ε-platelet networks were present in the CSPB STACER, and many more annealing twins appeared in the winding and stabilization STACER. It was concluded that the strengthening mechanism in the CSPB STACER is the combined action of deformation twins and h.c.p ε-platelet networks, while for the winding and stabilization STACER, annealing twins play the dominant role.

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“…XRD is a technique mainly used to characterize the stress state [3] and especially the residual stresses [4][5][6] of materials for engineering applications. Recent investigations have focused on the residual stress assessment of deep rolled and microfinished AISI 4140 components with the novel time-efficient cos α-method instead of the sin 2 ψ method [7]. By means of high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, phase-specific stresses were calculated using d hkl -sin 2 ψ distributions from recorded Debye-Scherrer rings [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Phase Transformation during Plastic Deformation of Metastable Austenitic Steel AISI 304L by Means of X-ray Diffraction Pattern Analysis

Vasquez

Arian

Kersting

et al. 2023

Metals

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This paper evaluates the suitability of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to characterize the phase transformation during the metal forming of the metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L. Due to plastic deformation, phase transformation from γ-austenite into α’-martensite occurs. The XRD peaks at specific 2θ diffraction angles give information about the phase amount. Analyses of the results with different characterization techniques such as microscopic analysis, including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), macro- and microhardness tests and magneto-inductive measurements of α’-martensite, were carried out. A qualitative and quantitative correlation to compute the amount of α’-martensite from the XRD measurements was deduced. XRD was validated as a suitable technique to characterize the phase transformation of metastable austenites. Additional data could provide necessary information to develop a more reliable model to perform a quantitative analysis of the phases from XRD measurements.

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Innovative X-ray diffraction and micromagnetic approaches for reliable residual stress assessment in deep rolled and microfinished AISI 4140 components

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Deep Rolling Techniques: A Comprehensive Review of Process Parameters and Impacts on the Material Properties of Commercial Steels

Deep Rolling Techniques: A Comprehensive Review of Process Parameters and Impacts on the Material Properties of Commercial Steels

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Co40NiCrMo Alloy Used for STACERs and Prepared by the CSPB Process and the Winding and Stabilization Method

Detection of Phase Transformation during Plastic Deformation of Metastable Austenitic Steel AISI 304L by Means of X-ray Diffraction Pattern Analysis

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