Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis MH48 Promotes Nutrient Uptake in Seedlings of the Ornamental Plant Camellia japonica grown in Korean Reclaimed Coastal Lands

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine whether inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis MH48 as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) could promote nutrient uptake of seedlings of the ornamental plant Camellia japonica in the Saemangeum reclaimed coastal land in Korea. B. licheniformis MH48 inoculation increased total nitrogen and phosphorus content in soils by 2.2 and 20.0 fold, respectively, compared to those without bacterial inoculation. In addition, B. licheniformis MH48 produced auxin, which promoted the formation of lateral roots and root hairs, decreased production of growth-inhibiting ethylene, and alleviated salt stress. Total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of seedlings subjected to bacterial inoculation was 2.3 and 3.6 fold higher, respectively, than the control. However, B. licheniformis MH48 inoculation had no significant effect on the growth of seedlings. Our results suggest that inoculation with B. licheniformis MH48 can be used as a PGPR bio-enhancer to stimulate fine root development, promote nutrient uptake and alleviate salt stress in ornamental plant seedlings grown in the high-salinity conditions of reclaimed coastal land.

The Control of Fusarium Root Rot and Development of Coastal Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Seedlings in a Container Nursery by Use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48

“…The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases. The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41]. The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

“…The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41]. The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR provides the plant with phytohormones [24][25][26], which facilitate the uptake of nutrients from the soils [24,25,27,28] and help establish a symbiosis with rhizobia or mycorrhiza [29].…”

“…The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR provides the plant with phytohormones [24][25][26], which facilitate the uptake of nutrients from the soils [24,25,27,28] and help establish a symbiosis with rhizobia or mycorrhiza [29]. The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases.…”

“…The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases. The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41].…”

Control of Fungal Diseases and Increase in Yields of a Cultivated Jujube Fruit (Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. inermis Rehder) Orchard by Employing Lysobacter antibioticus HS124

“…can secrete organic acids and mineralize mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and P from soil and enrich them in the soil [26,45,47,49], roots developed by auxin can promote the absorption of minerals and nutrient elements [24,25,27,32,48,50]. In addition, the photosynthesis of plants in the nitrogen-enhanced soils caused by nitrogen fixation from PGPR is enhanced, resulting in increased growth and mineral absorption in plants [26,45,[48][49][50][51][52]. According to Ipek et al [45] and Pirlak et al [51] apples and strawberries with PGPR such as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Agrobacterium sp.…”