Inorganic arsenic contents in rice-based infant foods from Spain, UK, China and USA

Wu, Xiangchun; Ramírez-Gandolfo, Amanda; Norton, Gareth J.; Burló, Francisco; Deacon, Claire; Meharg, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.036

Cited by 125 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Highest content of arsenic for these two groups of products was reported in the sample of rice gruel at 0.297 mg/kg and in cod fish with vegetables dinner sample at 0.195 mg/kg. Arsenic contamination of fish-based infant foods in Poland was lower than that reported in Norway (mean 1.10 mg/kg) [10], Spain (mean 0.619 mg/kg [29]), and the U.K. (mean 0.145 mg/kg) [24]. The surveys conducted in Spain and the U.K.…”

Section: Arsenic Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

Mania¹,

Wojciechowska-Mazurek²,

Starska³

et al. 2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This paper presents results of heavy metals determination in infant foods available in Poland during a monitoring programme in 2009-13. This study investigated levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in infant formulae and other infant foods intended for consumption during the first 6 to 12 months of life, and an intake of heavy metals was assessed. Food consumption data based on the artificial feeding scheme of infants established by the Mother and Child Institute in Poland were taken into account to estimate dietary exposure. The reported levels of elements in infant foods are comparable with contamination of such products in other countries. The mean values for lead do not exceed 0.013 mg/kg (90 th percentile, 0.028 mg/kg). Lead levels in infant formulae (as sold, mainly powder) did not exceed 0.010 mg/kg, while mean contamination was 0.005 mg/kg. The highest mean cadmium level of 0.010 mg/kg was reported in vegetable meal (90 th percentile, 0.017 mg/kg); in infant formulae (undiluted) milk-based it was below 0.003 mg/kg, and for soya-based it was 0.009 mg/kg. Arsenic and mercury contents -highest in fish-based infant foods -did not exceed 0.18 mg/kg and 0.013 mg/kg, respectively. In rice products for infants arsenic did not exceed 0.14 mg/kg. The estimated mean lead exposure was from 0.09 μg/kg b.w. per day for 6-month-old infants to 0.53 μg/kg b.w. per day for 1-year-old children, which was approximately 17% and equal to the respective Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit (BMDL 01 ) established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) at 0.50 μg/kg b.w. per day. Mean exposure to cadmium ranges from 0.02 to 0.4 μg/kg b.w. per day, and for 12-month-old infants can slightly exceed the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) value established by EFSA. Dietary cadmium intake represents 2.5-47% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) value established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA). Intake of arsenic and mercury was below respective reference value. Calculated mean dietary exposure to arsenic for children under 1 year old was between 0.11 and 0.99 μg/kg b.w. per day (4-33% BMDL 0.5 value), and to methylmercury 0.01-0.08 μg/kg b.w. per day (7-41% of the TWI value for methylmercury).

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Section: Arsenic Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsenic is present in rice and rice products mainly as an inorganic form being more toxic than organic compounds; intake of inorganic arsenic by infants can create a health hazard [29,31,32]. For infants, rice products can contribute significantly to total exposure to arsenic, even up to 31% [15].…”

Section: Arsenic Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

Mania¹,

Wojciechowska-Mazurek²,

Starska³

et al. 2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Rice grown in South and SouthEast Asia, where the crops are irrigated with arsenic-contaminated groundwater, has shown elevated levels of inorganic arsenic, which may pose a serious health hazard to people who consume more rice in their diet (Williams et al 2006;Brammer & Ravenscroft 2009). Although the US population consumes less rice than those of other countries, consumption has increased in recent years (Baters-Marques et al 2009), and processed rice products such as flours, syrups, and infant rice formula are widely used (Carbonell-Barrachina et al 2012;Jackson et al 2012). Rice consumption varies by race/ethnicity, with the greatest consumption among those of Asian descent (Batres- Marques et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic in US adults

Wei

Zhu

Nguyen

2013

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Exposure to inorganic arsenic in the general population occurs mainly from drinking water and food sources. This study examined the association between rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic in US adults, aged 20-85 years, in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Significantly higher geometric means of creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total arsenic (TAs) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were found in participants who consumed rice more than twice per week, compared to the reference group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between rice consumption and urinary concentrations of TAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51 (1.08, 2.09)] and DMA [OR = 2.24 (1.57, 3.21)] after adjustment for demographic variables, seafood intake (the main source of organic arsenic), and source of drinking water. Furthermore, significant variations in rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic were observed in different racial groups. This study demonstrated that rice consumption contributed to inorganic arsenic exposure in US adults.

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“…For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [2], and Health Canada [3] have guidelines for arsenic (10 mg L À1 ) in drinking water. However, many arsenic species can be present in food [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Arsenic in food can range from highly toxic inorganic arsenite to the virtually non-toxic arsenobetaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of arsenic species in chicken meat

Liu

Peng

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Inorganic arsenic contents in rice-based infant foods from Spain, UK, China and USA

Cited by 125 publications

References 36 publications

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

Rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic in US adults

Enzyme-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of arsenic species in chicken meat

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