Inovasi Dan Strategi Untuk Mengurangi Pengaruh Banjir Pada Usahatani Padi

Abstract

Impacts of flash floods on lowland rice fieldsare becoming worsen (increase in areal affected, severity and frequency) from year to year caused significantly decrease in rice yield, rice production and farmers' incomes losses. The objectives of this study are (1) to collect information on the effects of flash floods on rice yield, rice production and farmers' income losses at the present and at the future with and without adaptation measures; (2) to identify required and innovation technology; (3) to set strategies to reduce and to overcome the impacts of flash floods on rice farming. Data and information were collected fromsix rice farmingin West Java and Central Java in 2010. Analyses were also done using a mathematical model, and a dynamic simulation model RENDAMAN.CSM to get information on predicted losses of rice yield, of rice production and of farmers' incomedue to flash flood until year 2020. Floods and submergence during year 2006 to 2010 reduce rice yield in West Java as much as 2.5 ton ha -1 and in Central java as much as 3.0 ton ha -1 . Income losses from rice farming in West Java and Central Java estimated between Rp. 6.5 and Rp. 7.0 millions ha -1 . Rice production losses due to flood varied between 10-46 thousands ton of harvest dry grains, or equal to Rp. 24-112 milyard year -1 . Those losses are predicted continually increasing if there is no adaptation action will be taken; grain losses will reach 12-58 thousands ton harvest dry grains, or equal to Rp. 30-140 milyar inyear 2015. The urgent rehabilitation steps required to overcome the flood impacts are: (1) conservation and rehabilitation of watershed areas intensively from head to tail; (2) improvement of infrastructure: irrigating and drainage canals from head to tail by the central government, including removal mud deposits on the canal floor by the local government; (3) mobilization of local farmers' groups (gotong royong) to keep the canal clean and well functioning with water vegetation removal; (4) reevaluate one year crop rotation, and determine the beginning of the planting season; (5) providing water pumps to remove the excessive flood water from the rice fields or to irrigate rice field during dry period. Innovative technology required for adaptation measures are (1) rice varieties tolerate to submergence for more than 10 days;(2) application of slow release or briquette N fertilizers and the other nutrients at the correct time; (3) preparing good and healthy seedlings for replacing the missing or dead hills due to flooding; (4) rearrange plant spacing or plant population to eliminate crop damage and to fasten recovery after submergence; and (5) requires technology to overcome golden snail and the other pests which become common during and after submergence. Those technologies need improvement on their efficacy from now to face the future worse flood condition. ABSTRAKPengaruh banjir pada lahan padi sawah kian semakin buruk (bertambahnya luas area terdampak, keparahan, dan frekuensinya) dari tahun ke tahun, menyebabkan penurunan secar...

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