Inpatient morbidity and mortality of measles in the United States

Chovatiya, Raj; Silverberg, Jonathan I.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231329

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…After a major measles epidemic in 2017, with 4,347 confirmed cases, 2,029 measles cases were reported by the Italian national measles and rubella surveillance system in the first half of 2018 ( 4 ). Although measles eradication was officially announced in the United States in 2000, measles outbreaks were increasing, with 1,018 hospitalizations reported in the United States between 2002 and 2016, and the number of hospitalizations increased over time ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the present stage, the highest incidence rates are recorded in the age group of children under 1 year old, and the largest share in the older age groups is made up of persons aged 25–39 years ( 5 ). Thus, persons with the highest reproductive potential are more likely to become infected with measles, as they lose post-vaccination antibodies over time, and children born to mothers without protective antibody levels remain susceptible to the measles virus until the first dose of vaccine is given at 12 months of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor

et al. 2021

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It has been proven that post-vaccination immunity to measles virus after two doses of vaccine is not able to persistently protect against infection throughout life. The goal of this research was to determine the immune layer to the measles virus among women in labor and maternity ward personnel in the same medical institution. The levels of IgG antibodies to measles virus in the umbilical cord blood of 594 women in labor and 88 workers of the maternity ward were studied by ELISA. It was revealed that 22.7% of umbilical cord blood serum samples from parturient women and 21.4% of blood serum samples from maternity ward personnel were seronegative (<0.18 IU/ml). Levels of IgG antibodies to measles virus in low values (<1.0 IU/ml) were detected in 67% of blood serum samples among women in labor and 68.9% among employees of the maternity ward. Among women in labor, women under 35 years of age are at the highest risk of contracting measles; the proportion of women with low levels of protective antibodies in this age group was almost 70%, and the proportion of women without protective levels of antibodies was 23%. Compared with the age group 36–43, the age of women in labor under 35 was associated with a higher chance of not having immune protection against infection with measles virus OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [1.1–4.5] (p = 0.02) or had a low level of protection OR [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.2–3.0] (p = 0.001). It was also found that among women over 35 years of age, the proportion of persons with a high level of antibodies in women in labor was statistically significantly higher than among members of the maternity ward staff (13 and 0%, respectively, p = 0.007). Thus, maternity ward employees and women in labor constitute a risk group for measles due to the presence of a high proportion of seronegative persons among women of childbearing age (both maternity ward employees and women in labor). These conditions create the need to revise current approaches to present vaccination procedures, especially in the current epidemiological situation with COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor

et al. 2021

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“…There may be swelling of the hands and feet, paresthesia or hyperesthesia and hepatosplenomegaly [44]. Atypical measles is considered not contagious [45]. Complications after atypical measles occur in about 10-40% of patients, mainly in young children, the elderly, pregnant women, patients with malnutrition and immunodeficiency conditions [45].…”

Section: Etiology and Clinical Manifestations Of Measles In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles at the present stage

Zhuzzhasarova¹,

Bayesheva²,

Altynbekova³

et al. 2021

J CLIN MED KAZ

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Measles is an acute infectious disease characterized by a combination of catarrhal symptoms and specific exanthema. This is a highly contagious, potentially fatal infection with an airborne transmission mechanism. A distinctive feature of the pathogen of which is the ability to cause prolonged post-infectious immunosuppression. Fever in combination with one of the following manifestations: cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis are the first clinical manifestations of the disease. The Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots are specific rashes on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, allowing to establish a diagnosis even before the appearance of exanthema. The rash usually appears 3-4 days after the onset of an increase in body temperature and is characterized by a gradual rash, initially occurs on the face and behind the ears, which is associated with the peak of the clinical picture. Measles is characterized by a polysystemic lesion, with a predominant involvement in the pathological process of the central and respiratory systems of the body, while pneumonia is one of the most frequent complications that lead to a fatal outcome. In the treatment of measles, supportive therapy, correction of dehydration and nutrient deficiency, as well as treatment of secondary bacterial infections and providing the body with vitamin A are of great importance. It is important to note that measles has lifelong immunity after an infection or vaccination, while vaccination against measles plays a crucial role in its elimination. Previously, it was believed that measles is on the verge of eradication, but its outbreaks in Europe at the present stage have led to the return and spread of this infection. Measles remains the leading cause of global child mortality in the world, as children from developing countries are most susceptible to this disease. About 45 million new cases of measles are registered annually in the world, among which almost a million people die.

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“…Measles virus (MeV) is the most infectious virus known to infect humans, with a reported R0 value of 12-18(1-7). MeV outbreaks have largely been controlled with the advent of the two-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, yet MeV still causes ~200,000 deaths annually, primarily among unvaccinated children in developing countries (8)(9)(10). However, recent surges in vaccine-hesitancy have allowed for MeV to re-emerge in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, where the MMR vaccine coverage has historically been high (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological landscape of human lymphoid explants during measles virus infection

Acklin

Patel

Horiuchi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lymph nodes are the primary site of replication for measles virus (MeV). Here, we modeled MeV infection in human tonsil explants, utilizing a clinical strain of MeV that expresses GFP. We show that MeV replicates efficiently in this tissue as measured by increasing infectious virus production and GFP+ cells (>10% of tonsillar cells by day 8). Using scRNA-Seq, we identified 29 cell populations, all of which were susceptible to MeV. While T cells were the most abundant cell type in the lymphoid explants, B cells were the dominant infected population. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the preferential infection of B cells was associated with higher CD150 expression. We found that while germinal center B cells were the largest population of infected B cells, there were no differences in susceptibility to MeV among individual B cell subsets. Among CD3+ T cells, infection in both the CD4+ and CD8+ compartments displayed bias towards antigen experienced subsets and away from naive cells, consistent with relative CD150 expression. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the host response to MeV was dominated by the potent induction of interferon stimulated genes within both T and B cells. These data provide new insights into how MeV infection progresses in lymph nodes, a critical launching point for pathogenesis.

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Inpatient morbidity and mortality of measles in the United States

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor

Comparative Analysis of the Measles Antibody Levels in Healthy Medical Personnel of Maternity Ward and Women in Labor

Measles at the present stage

Immunological landscape of human lymphoid explants during measles virus infection

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