Insect Cadaver Applications: Pros and Cons

Dolinski, Cláudia; Shapiro‐Ilan, David I.; Lewis, Edwin E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_8

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Laboratory studies showed that IJs emerging from infected hosts had enhanced dispersal, infectivity and survival compared to IJs applied in water (Shapiro and Glazer, 1996;Shapiro and Lewis, 1999;Perez et al, 2003), and superior efficacy of IJs applied in cadavers was demonstrated in the greenhouse and field (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2003;Ansari et al, 2009). Application of EPN in cadavers has been advocated as a way of improving field efficacy though this approach faces practical challenges (Dolinski et al, 2015). With the growing evidence that chemical compounds associated with the cadaver stimulate dispersal, as discussed above, and Kaplan et al's (2012) demonstration that cadaver exudate stimulated dispersal of S. feltiae on agar plate assays, there is potential for addition of dispersalstimulating compounds to tank mix of EPN prior to application, rather than applying cadavers themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) secrete ascarosides and respond to interspecific dispersal signals

Hartley

Lillis

Owens

et al. 2019

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Ascarosides are a modular series of signalling molecules that are widely conserved in nematodes where they function as pheromones with both behavioural and developmental effects. Here we show that the developmentally arrested infective juvenile (IJ) stage of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) secrete ascarosides into the surrounding medium. The exometabolome of Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis megidis was examined at 0, 1, 7 and 21 days of storage. The concentration of several ascarosides (ascr#11, ascr#9, ascr#12, ascr#1 and ascr#14 for both species, plus ascr#10 for H. megidis) showed a progressive increase over this period, while the concentration of longer chain ascarosides increased up to day 7, with an apparent decline thereafter. Ascr #9 was the main ascaroside produced by both species. Similar ascarosides were found over a 7-day period for Steinernema longicaudum and S. feltiae. Ascaroside blends have previously been shown to promote nematode dispersal. S. carpocapsae and H. megidis IJs were stored for up to 12 weeks and assayed at intervals. IJs where exometabolome was allowed to accumulate showed higher dispersal rates than those where water was changed frequently, indicating that IJ exometabolome maintained high dispersal. Infectivity was not affected. IJ exometabolome accumulated over 7 days promoted dispersal of freshly harvested IJs, both of their own and other EPN species. Similarly, extracts of nematode-infected cadavers promoted dispersal of con-and heterospecific IJs. Thus, IJs are encouraged to disperse from a source cadaver or from other crowded conditions by public information cues, a finding that may have application in enhancing biocontrol. However, the complexity of the ascaroside blend produced by IJs suggests that it may have ecological functions other than dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) secrete ascarosides and respond to interspecific dispersal signals

Hartley

Lillis

Owens

et al. 2019

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…EPN delivery can be further improved by formulating the infected hosts in coatings [69]. The cadaver application method has so far only been used commercially on a small scale relative to conventional methods [70], and it is especially useful for small-and medium-sized growers due to easier application and reduced storage costs [71].…”

Section: Cadaver Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novelties in Pest Control by Entomopathogenic and Mollusc- Parasitic Nematodes

Půža¹,

Mráček²,

Nermuť³

2016

Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Environmentally Sound Pest Management

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Entomopathogenic and molluscoparasitic nematodes are important parasites of many insects and molluscs, respectively. Due to their infectivity, the possibility of mass production by industrial techniques and the relative safety to nontarget organisms and environment, these organisms represent an attractive agent for biological control of many pests. This chapter summarises the current knowledge of the diversity of these organisms. In this chapter, we review the recent advances in production, storage, application techniques genetic improvement and safety of these organisms.

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“…The entire experiment was conducted twice. The dosages of IJs in the aqueous EPN suspension were determined by counting the number of IJs released from the cadaver of wax worm infected by 200 IJs of S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora 28 . This process was replicated four times for each treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of entomopathogenic nematode‐infected insect cadavers for the biocontrol of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in an aqueous suspension treatment showed potential in the biocontrol of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta, whereas colony relocation following this inundative application had restricted overall effectiveness. As a novel strategy, EPN pre‐infected insect cadavers carrying the next generation of nematode‐infective juveniles (IJs) might be used to efficiently manage insect pests. However, this strategy has not been tested on S. invicta. This study evaluated EPNs emerging from wax moth Galleria mellonella cadavers to facilitate infection of S. invicta compared to those used in aqueous suspensions.ResultsAmong seven EPN species, Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora had the highest insecticidal efficiency in aqueous treatment. Cadavers of G. mellonella colonized by either one of two EPN species were not damaged by worker ants, ensuring that the IJs could develop within and emerge successfully from the cadavers. Likewise, compared to an aqueous suspension treatment with an equivalent number of IJs, treatment with an S. riobrave‐infected cadaver increased the mortality of S. invicta by ≈10%, whereas infection by H. bacteriophora did not differ between treatments. However, the coexistence of S. riobrave‐ and H. bacteriophora‐infected cadavers adversely affected the control of S. invicta, likely as a result of competition resulting from the increased dispersal of each emerging EPN species.ConclusionUsing EPN‐infected G. mellonella cadavers as a strategy increased the mortality of S. invicta in the laboratory. This study provides positive evidence for the future applications of S. riobrave‐infected cadavers in the biocontrol of red imported fire ants. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Insect Cadaver Applications: Pros and Cons

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) secrete ascarosides and respond to interspecific dispersal signals

Infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) secrete ascarosides and respond to interspecific dispersal signals

Novelties in Pest Control by Entomopathogenic and Mollusc- Parasitic Nematodes

Potential of entomopathogenic nematode‐infected insect cadavers for the biocontrol of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta

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