Insect Herbivory Caused Plant Stress Emissions Increases the Negative Radiative Forcing of Aerosols

Holopainen, Eemeli; Kokkola, Harri; Faiola, Celia; Laakso, Anton; Kühn, Thomas

doi:10.1029/2022jd036733

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Figure S3. Although our knowledge about biodiversity effects on BSOA formation is limited, it seems likely that biotic and abiotic stresses also matter indirectly for BSOA formation (Holopainen et al, 2022; Joutsensaari et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2017). The complex formation patterns of BSOA reflect that oxidation products are dependent not only on biotic and abiotic stress but also on the source precursor and atmospheric oxidants (Atkinson & Arey, 2003; Guenther, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…due to rising temperature, increase BSOA formation which in turn leads to surface cooling due to the effect of BSOA on radiation and reflectivity of clouds (Paasonen et al, 2013; Petäjä et al, 2022). Recent findings suggest that biotic and abiotic stress-induced BVOC emissions even accelerate climate-relevant BSOA formation (Holopainen et al, 2022; Joutsensaari et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2017). Collectively, by doing so, BSOA impact local climate either directly by perturbing incoming solar radiation paths (Charlson et al, 1992), or indirectly by influencing the microphysical properties of clouds (Haywood & Boucher, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

Sanaei

Hermann

Alshaabi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Climate extremes in tandem with biodiversity change affect emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plants and, as a result, the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA). The resulting BSOA can have a wide variety of impacts, such as on Earth′s radiative balance and cloud formation. However, it is unclear to what extent changes in BVOC emissions and BSOA formation are related to biodiversity. Here we present a conceptual framework of the relationships between biodiversity and BVOC emissions based on our current mechanistic understanding and existing knowledge. We tested parts of this framework using a tree diversity experiment as a case-study. We find that the amount of BVOCs in most cases decreases with biodiversity, implying that tree mixtures produce less than expected BVOC compared to tree monocultures. However, some BSOA compounds increased and some decreased relative to what is expected from monocultures. Based on these mixed results, we recommend further field measurements on the patterns of BVOC emission and BSOA formation across biodiversity gradients to improve our understanding and accuracy of the amounts of the compounds emitted. Future studies need a multidisciplinary approach to open a new research nexus where the fields of climate science, biology and atmospheric chemistry interact.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

Sanaei

Hermann

Alshaabi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In this study, we used a process scale growth model to investigate the sensitivity of particle growth rate and their survival across CCN size ranges to uncertainties in the volatilities of organic vapours. To understand how these sensitivities in the process scale manifest at a global scale, we also utilized the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ coupled with aerosol microphysical model SALSA (Kokkola et al, 2018;Holopainen et al, 2020Holopainen et al, , 2022. This allowed us to study how sensitive the simulated SOA formation is to the assumptions of the volatility distributions of biogenic SOA precursors, specifically monoterpenes, over the boreal region.…”

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confidence: 99%

A model study on investigating the sensitivity of aerosol forcing on the volatilities of semi-volatile organic compounds

Irfan,

Kühn,

Yli-Juuti

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes an important component of atmospheric particulate matter, with substantial influence on air quality, human health and the global climate. Volatility basis set (VBS) framework has provided a valuable tool for better simulating the formation and evolution of SOA where SOA precursors are grouped by their volatility. This is done in order to avoid the computational cost of simulating possibly hundreds of atmospheric organic species involved in SOA formation. The accuracy of this framework relies upon the accuracy of the volatility distribution of the oxidation products of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used to represent SOA formation. However, the volatility distribution of SOA forming vapours remains inadequately constrained within global climate models, leading to uncertainties in the predicted aerosol mass loads and climate impacts. This study presents the results from simulations using a process-scale particle growth model and a global climate model, illustrating how uncertainties in the volatility distribution of biogenic SOA precursor gases affects the simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We primarily focused on the volatility of oxidation products derived from monoterpenes as they represent the dominant class of VOCs emitted by boreal trees. Our findings reveal that the particle growth rate and their survival to CCN sizes, as simulated by the process scale model, are highly sensitive to uncertainties in the volatilities of condensing organic vapours. Interestingly, we note that this high sensitivity is less pronounce in global scale model simulations, as the CCN concentration and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) simulated in the global model remain insensitive to a one order of magnitude shift in the volatility distribution of organics. However, a notable difference arises in the SOA mass concentration as a result of volatility shifts in the global model. Specifically, a one order of magnitude decrease in volatility corresponds to an approximate 13 % increase in SOA mass concentration, while, a one order of magnitude increase results in a 9 % decrease in SOA mass concentration over the boreal region. SOA mass and CCN concentrations are found to be more sensitive to the uncertainties associated with the volatility of semi-volatile compounds than the low-volatile compounds. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of a better representation of saturation concentration values for volatility bins when employing a reduced number of bins in a global scale model. A comparative analysis between a finely resolved 9-bin VBS setup and a simpler 3-bin VBS setup highlights the significance of these choices. The study also indicates that radiative forcing attributed to changes in SOA is notably more sensitive to the volatility distribution of semi-volatile compounds than low-volatile compounds. In the 3-bin VBS setup, a ten-fold decrease in volatility of the highest volatility bin results in a shortwave instantaneous radiative forcing (IRFari) of -0.2 ± 0.10 Wm−2 and an effective radiative forcing (ERF) of +0.8 ± 2.24 Wm−2, while a ten-fold increase in volatility leads to an IRFari of +0.05 ± 0.04 Wm−2 and ERF of +0.45 ±2.3 Wm−2. These findings underscore the critical need for a more accurate representation of semi-volatile compounds within global scale models to effectively capture the aerosol loads and the subsequent climate effects.

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Insect Herbivory Caused Plant Stress Emissions Increases the Negative Radiative Forcing of Aerosols

et al. 2022

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Plant stress in a changing climate is predicted to increase plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and thus can affect the formed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations, which in turn affect the radiative properties of clouds and aerosol. However, global aerosol‐climate models do not usually consider plant stress induced VOCs in their emission schemes. In this study, we modified the monoterpene emission factors in biogenic emission model to simulate biotic stress caused by insect herbivory on needleleaf evergreen boreal and broadleaf deciduous boreal trees and studied the consequent effects on SOA formation, aerosol‐cloud interactions as well as direct radiative effects of formed SOA. Simulations were done altering the fraction of stressed and healthy trees in the latest version of ECHAM‐HAMMOZ (ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3‐MOZ1.0) global aerosol‐climate model. Our simulations showed that increasing the extent of stress to the aforementioned tree types, substantially increased the SOA burden especially over the areas where these trees are located. This indicates that increased VOC emissions due to increasing stress enhance the SOA formation via oxidation of VOCs to low VOCs. In addition, cloud droplet number concentration at the cloud top increased with increasing extent of biotic stress. This indicates that as SOA formation increases, it further enhances the number of particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei. The increase in SOA formation also decreased both all‐sky and clear‐sky radiative forcing. This was due to a shift in particle size distributions that enhanced aerosol reflecting and scattering of incoming solar radiation.

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Insect Herbivory Caused Plant Stress Emissions Increases the Negative Radiative Forcing of Aerosols

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

A model study on investigating the sensitivity of aerosol forcing on the volatilities of semi-volatile organic compounds

Insect Herbivory Caused Plant Stress Emissions Increases the Negative Radiative Forcing of Aerosols

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