Insect Herbivory on European Tall-Shrub Species: The Need to Distinguish Leaves before and after Unfolding or Unrolling, and the Advantage of Longitudinal Sampling

Jackson, Robyn V.; Kollmann, Johannes; Grubb, P. J.; Bee, Jennie N.

doi:10.2307/3546820

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The high rates of area loss by mature leaves of V. lantana almost certainly result from ineffective control of the herbivores by predators, parasitoids and diseases. The values given by Jackson et al . (1999) for specific leaf area of mature leaves (123 cm 2 g −1 ), water concentration (60%) and nitrogen concentration (28 mg g −1 ) were mostly lower than, or the same as, those found for 10 other fleshy‐fruited tall‐shrub species.…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various food‐chains on four resources provided by V. lantana (leaves, sap, pollen and fruit) were reported by Side (1955) who noted many insects associated with V. lantana in addition to those given in Table 4. Insect herbivory on adult shrubs of V. lantana was studied by Jackson et al . (1999) in south‐western Germany, where no damage by Pyrrhalta was noted, and rates of herbivory were compared with those for seven other European tall‐shrub species.…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most species, loss rates were very low in the folded or rolled young leaf stage, highest in the unfolded or unrolled expanding leaf stage, and lower again in the mature stage, but measurements at the different stages were not made for V. lantana . Folded, very young leaves of V. lantana are expected to be unattractive to herbivorous insects because of the dense covering of stellate hairs, low specific leaf area (22 cm 2 g −1 , compared with 105 cm 2 g −1 in the unfolded expanding stage) and low water concentration (56% of dry mass, the lowest value among 11 tall‐shrub species; Jackson et al . 1999).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Viburnum lantana L. and Viburnum opulus L. (V. lobatum Lam., Opulus vulgaris Borkh.)

Kollmann

Grubb

2002

Journal of Ecology

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Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Viburnum lantana L. and Viburnum opulus L. (V. lobatum Lam., Opulus vulgaris Borkh.)

Kollmann

Grubb

2002

Journal of Ecology

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“…Long‐term sampling has increased estimates of herbivory by up to 2.4 times for both young (Aide 1993, Jackson and Bach 1999) and mature leaves (Coley 1983, Lowman 1984). Rates of herbivory are affected by leaf age (Landsberg 1988, Coley and Aide 1991, Landsberg and Cork 1997, Jackson et al 1999, Moles and Westoby 2000). Among latitudes, young tropical leaves are expected to face higher herbivory rates in general and also to experience a higher seasonal availability to herbivores due to a less severe climate, compared to young temperate leaves (Coley and Aide 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore damage along a latitudinal gradient: relative impacts of different feeding guilds

Andrew¹,

Hughes²

2004

Oikos

119

112

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L. 2005. Herbivore damage along a latitudinal gradient: relative impacts of different feeding guilds. Á/ Oikos 108: 176 Á/182.We present the first broad-scale test for a latitudinal gradient in herbivory made with consistent methods, in similar habitat type, over the entire lifespan of leaves (phyllodes). We assessed the degree of chewing, sap-sucking and mining herbivory on Acacia falcata along its entire coastal latitudinal range (1150 km) in Australia. We found no significant differences in the rate of herbivory among latitudes. Mature phyllodes had a higher rate of herbivory compared to young phyllodes, and mining was higher on mature phyllodes from the most tropical latitude. We found significant differences in phyllode toughness and specific leaf (phyllode) area among latitudes, but no significant differences among latitudes in carbon: nitrogen. This study provides a useful model for further testing of the generalisation that herbivory is more intense in tropical versus temperate regions.

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“…This decline in the food value of old leaves is often matched by a decrease in palatability to herbivores (van Soest 1994;Steinbauer et al . 1998;Jackson et al . 1999;Kozloski et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Selective herbivory by brushtail possums: Determining the age of ingested leaves using n‐alkanes

Monks

Efford

2006

Austral Ecology

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Leaves often decline in nutritional quality as they age, and selective feeding on young leaves may be nutritionally important for herbivores. Preference by mammalian herbivores for young leaves has rarely been measured in the field owing to technical difficulties. We measured preferences with respect to leaf age of an arboreal folivore, the brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr), feeding on southern rata ( Metrosideros umbellata Cav.; Myrtaceae) in a new application of the alkane technique. We characterized the cuticle waxes (n-alkanes) of rata leaves that were less than 1 year old ('1-year'), between 1 and 2 years ('2-year') and greater than 2 years old (' > 2-year'). Simulations showed that the method accurately discriminated between 1-year and other age groups but slightly overestimated the importance of rare components of the diet. This bias was larger when discriminating between 2-year and > 2-year leaves apparently because they had more-similar alkane profiles. Metrosideros umbellata leaf formed 20.8% of the diet of a population of possums from Rakiura, New Zealand, sampled in autumn 2002 ( n = 33). Of the M. umbellata component, alkane analyses showed that 1-year leaves formed 88.7 ± 3.9% of the diet despite making up only 39.5 ± 2.2% of the leaf biomass on rata trees ( n = 14). The foliar concentrations of the macronutrients N, P and K all declined significantly with leaf age ( P < 0.0001). Lignin content did not measurably increase with leaf age, suggesting that digestibility per se did not determine the preference of brushtail possums for young rata leaves. This study provides the first quantitative evidence that possums discriminate by leaf age and that the resulting diet is enriched in macronutrients.

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Insect Herbivory on European Tall-Shrub Species: The Need to Distinguish Leaves before and after Unfolding or Unrolling, and the Advantage of Longitudinal Sampling

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Viburnum lantana L. and Viburnum opulus L. (V. lobatum Lam., Opulus vulgaris Borkh.)

Viburnum lantana L. and Viburnum opulus L. (V. lobatum Lam., Opulus vulgaris Borkh.)

Herbivore damage along a latitudinal gradient: relative impacts of different feeding guilds

Selective herbivory by brushtail possums: Determining the age of ingested leaves using n‐alkanes

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