Insect parasitoid species respond to forest structure at different spatial scales

Roland, Jens; Taylor, Philip D.

doi:10.1038/386710a0

Cited by 414 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The absence of an effect of tree isolation on Heteroptera size or on the prevalence of predators highlights a major challenge in comparing these paradigms (Holt 1996;Roland & Taylor 1997;Ritchie & Olff 1999;Tscharntke et al 2005;Hirao et al 2008). For example, the lack of impact of crown isolation on predators may simply be because predatory Heteroptera are less dependent on host plant physiology than either phytophages or omnivores, and hence are less host-plant specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic isolation of host trees affects assembly of local Heteroptera communities

et al. 2010

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A host may be physically isolated in space and then may correspond to a geographical island, but it may also be separated from its local neighbours by hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history, and may form in this case an evolutionarily distinct island. We test how this affects the assembly processes of the host's colonizers, this question being until now only invoked at the scale of physically distinct islands or patches. We studied the assembly of true bugs in crowns of oaks surrounded by phylogenetically more or less closely related trees. Despite the short distances (less than 150 m) between phylogenetically isolated and non-isolated trees, we found major differences between their Heteroptera faunas. We show that phylogenetically isolated trees support smaller numbers and fewer species of Heteroptera, an increasing proportion of phytophages and a decreasing proportion of omnivores, and proportionally more non-hostspecialists. These differences were not due to changes in the nutritional quality of the trees, i.e. species sorting, which we accounted for. Comparison with predictions from meta-community theories suggests that the assembly of local Heteroptera communities may be strongly driven by independent metapopulation processes at the level of the individual species. We conclude that the assembly of communities on hosts separated from their neighbours by long periods of evolutionary history is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that on hosts established surrounded by closely related trees. Potentially, the biotic selection pressure on a host might thus change with the evolutionary proximity of the surrounding hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic isolation of host trees affects assembly of local Heteroptera communities

et al. 2010

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“…A common hypothesis is that species with a high dispersal capacity are better able to move between habitat patches, and they can more efficiently use a fragmented resource (Hanski & Ovaskainen 2000). According to this prediction, the typical positive relationship between species occurrence and habitat patch area in fragmented landscapes is expected to be more pronounced for poor compared with good dispersers (Roland & Taylor 1997;Ö ckinger & Smith 2006). Likewise, increased connectivity among patches in a landscape is expected to decrease the slope (z) of the relation between species number and habitat patch area (Connor & McCoy 1979;Drakare et al 2006) and more so for poor compared with good dispersers (Lomolino 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal capacity and diet breadth modify the response of wild bees to habitat loss

et al. 2010

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Habitat loss poses a major threat to biodiversity, and species-specific extinction risks are inextricably linked to life-history characteristics. This relationship is still poorly documented for many functionally important taxa, and at larger continental scales. With data from five replicated field studies from three countries, we examined how species richness of wild bees varies with habitat patch size. We hypothesized that the form of this relationship is affected by body size, degree of host plant specialization and sociality. Across all species, we found a positive species -area slope (z ¼ 0.19), and species traits modified this relationship. Large-bodied generalists had a lower z value than small generalists. Contrary to predictions, small specialists had similar or slightly lower z value compared with large specialists, and small generalists also tended to be more strongly affected by habitat loss as compared with small specialists. Social bees were negatively affected by habitat loss (z ¼ 0.11) irrespective of body size. We conclude that habitat loss leads to clear shifts in the species composition of wild bee communities.

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“…For example, a correlation exists between the body size of avian predators or mammalian seed dispersers and the spatial scale of their landscape-wide resource use (Peterson et al 1998). Forest fragmentation affects four parasitoids of the forest tent caterpillar at different spatial scales depending on their body sizes (Roland and Taylor 1997). Feeding strategy (e.g., specialist or generalist) also can affect the functional spatial scale of organisms (Tscharntke et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because organisms use various cues to locate favorable habitats and differ in dispersal ability (Holt 1996), landscape characteristics such as the area, spatial arrangement, and connectivity of habitats potentially affects local species abundance, biotic interactions, and thus, community structure at specific spatial scales (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995;Pickett and Cadenasso 1995;Roland and Taylor 1997). This specific scale can act as the "functional spatial scale" (Thies et al 2003(Thies et al , 2005 or "characteristic scale" (Holland et al 2004) at which organisms respond to heterogeneity in a landscape.…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional spatial scale of community composition change in response to windthrow disturbance in a deciduous temperate forest

Hirao

Murakami

Oguma

2007

Ecological Research

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Community dynamics in local habitats are affected by landscape characteristics such as the area and connectivity of surrounding habitats at a functional spatial scale where the community responds to landscape structure. However, the functional spatial scale at which community composition is affected by landscape structure has never been explored. We assessed the functional spatial scales of composition change in birds and in three types of arthropod communities (canopy, forest-floor and flying ones) with regard to landscape heterogeneity resulting from a large typhoon in a temperate forest of Japan.We examined the effects of tree-fall disturbance on the communities at various spatial scales, with special attention to compositional evenness. The spatial scale of the best-fitting model, which was selected from models fitted to the disturbance area at stepwise spatial scales, was interpreted as the community-specific functional spatial scale.The composition of all communities studied was all significantly dependent on gap area.

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Insect parasitoid species respond to forest structure at different spatial scales

Cited by 414 publications

References 17 publications

Phylogenetic isolation of host trees affects assembly of local Heteroptera communities

Phylogenetic isolation of host trees affects assembly of local Heteroptera communities

Dispersal capacity and diet breadth modify the response of wild bees to habitat loss

Functional spatial scale of community composition change in response to windthrow disturbance in a deciduous temperate forest

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