Insect Performance on Experimentally Stressed Woody Plants: A Meta-Analysis

Koricheva, Julia; Larsson, Stig; Haukioja, Erkki

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.195

Cited by 420 publications

(389 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…3). This finding is in line with the results of a meta-analysis of 147 studies involving carbon-based defence compounds in a variety of woody species (Koricheva et al 1998). These authors reported overwhelming evidence that high nitrogen fertilisers led to a decrease in foliar concentrations of a range of carbon-based secondary compounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…3b) is at odds with the findings of several other studies of both total phenolics and condensed tannins (e.g. Waterman et al 1984, Hartley et al 1995Lawler et al 1997;Koricheva et al 1998). These studies found a decrease in carbon-based compounds, which they attributed to the lower overall energy and carbon supply from photosynthesis in shaded plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Light alters the allocation of nitrogen to cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus cladocalyx

2002

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Abstract. The effect of light on the partitioning of resources between photosynthesis and chemical defence was studied in Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. This species allocates up to 15% of leaf nitrogen to the constitutive cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin, making it an ideal system for studying resource allocation. By controlling the level of leaf nitrogen we were able to test the hypothesis that light limitation would result in the effective reallocation of nitrogen from the defensive to the photosynthetic apparatus. Seedlings were grown in full light or shade and supplied with 1.5 mM or 6 mM nitrogen in a 2 2 factorial design. We found that shading effected a decrease in the concentration of the cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin, and little if any change in the concentration of carbon-based secondary metabolites (total phenolics and condensed tannins). There was also significantly less prunasin, relative to total leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll concentration and carbon assimilation rates, when grown plants were grown in shade, particularly when there was an ample supply of nitrogen. This pattern is likely to be the result of relative changes in the energetic and resource costs of photosynthesis and defensive compounds at different photon flux densities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Light alters the allocation of nitrogen to cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus cladocalyx

2002

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“…Actually, it can be assumed that most studies published in recent decades did not have the aim of testing the generality of a positive interaction between drought and pathogens, such as the Plant stress hypothesis, i.e. that abiotic stress increases the suitability of plants as food for herbivores, often referred to by entomologists [103]. Rather, experimental studies mostly focused on some pathogens for which circumstantial evidence linking drought and disease in natural conditions had previously been reported, with the aim to bring experimental support and some insights to our understanding of the processes involved [173,175].…”

Section: Disease Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

et al. 2006

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-This review synthesizes the available knowledge on drought-disease interactions in forest trees with a focus on (1) evidence and patterns of drought-disease interactions, (2) current understanding of processes and mechanisms, and (3) three well documented cases studies. The first part is based on the analysis of a database of slightly more than one hundred studies, obtained by keyword searches combining drought, diseases or pathogens, and forest trees. A large majority of published studies referred to a positive association between drought and disease, i.e. disease favoured by drought or drought and disease acting synergistically on tree health status, with a predominance of canker/dieback diseases, caused by pathogens like Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora and Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon). The type of disease-related variables (incidence vs. severity) and the intensity and timing of water stress were shown to be significant factors affecting the drought-infection interaction. Interactions with other abiotic stresses and species-specific and genetic effects, related to host or pathogen, have also been reported. Direct effects of drought on pathogens are generally negative, although most fungal pathogens exhibit an important plasticity and can grow at water potentials well below the minimum for growth of their host plants. Studies on indirect effects of drought on pathogens through other community interactions are still relatively scarce. Positive drought-infection effects can mostly be explained by indirect effects of drought on host physiology. The predisposition and the multiple stress hypotheses are presented, as well as recent developments in the study of the molecular basis of abiotic and biotic stress, and their interactions. Sphaeropsis sapinea on pines, Biscognauxia mediterranea on oaks and root pathogens in declines associated with drought provide illustrative examples, treated as case studies, of pathogens of current significance associated with drought. The conclusion highlights some knowledge gaps, e.g. the role of latent parasites and the shift to a pathogenic stage, or the genetics of some fungal groups. The need for prevention of pathogen dispersal, especially crucial in the case of latent pathogens, is emphasized. drought / water stress / pathogenic fungi / predisposition / forest trees Résumé -Interactions entre sécheresse et agents pathogènes chez les arbres forestiers. Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre sécheresse et maladies chez les arbres forestiers, avec trois grandes parties : (1) description des types d'interaction ; (2) connaissances acquises sur les mécanismes impliqués ; (3) trois études de cas bien étudiées. La première partie est basée sur l'analyse d'une base de données d'une centaine d'études, sélectionnées par recherche sur mots clés. La plupart de ces études se rapportent à des maladies favorisées par la sécheresse ou à un effet synergique entre sécheresse et maladie sur l'état sanitaire des arbres, avec une prédominance de m...

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“…Many reviews have looked at the direct or indirect impacts of drought on insects at the individual level [45,48,50,53,60]. However, whether responses at this level will translate into effects at the population or community level will depend on the net result of complex interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe

Candau²,

et al. 2006

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-Although drought affects directly tree physiology and growth, the impact of secondary factors (insect pests, pathogens and fire) is often greater than the impact of the original stress and can lead to important tree mortality. In 2003, Western and Central Europe experienced a drought and heat waves that led to extensive forest damage. This paper reports on the impacts of drought and high temperatures on forest insect populations in the context of this exceptional event. Observations of changes in population levels of the main European forest insect pests during and after the drought are presented and discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories of interactions between drought and insects. We investigated the direct effects of drought on life history traits and indirect effects through physiological changes experienced by host trees. Forest pest insects were separated in 4 feeding guilds: woodborers, leaf-chewers, leaf-miners and leaf-suckers. The impact of water stress varied according to feeding guilds. Woodborers were positively influenced by prolonged water stress and the decline of host resistance. In contrast, defoliators profited better from the increased nitrogen in plant tissues linked to moderate or intermittent water stress. Field observations showed the importance of the soil water status in tree resistance against pest attacks. Thus, the 2003 drought confirmed observations from earlier droughts that, is case of bad choice of tree species in some plantations, site matching becomes a prominent and primary cause of the development of pest outbreaks. This exceptional drought may give us some indication of the impacts of extreme climatic events. However, observations of the performance at the individual level were not sufficient for predicting long-term insect population dynamics, which depends on complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.climate change / drought / heat wave / forest pest insect / population dynamic Résumé -Effet de la sécheresse et de la canicule de 2003 sur les populations d'insectes ravageurs forestiers en Europe centrale et occidentale. Bien que la sécheresse affecte directement la physiologie et la croissance des arbres, l'impact de facteurs secondaires (insectes ravageurs, pathogènes et feu) est souvent plus important que le stress original et peut conduire à la mortalité des arbres. En 2003, une sécheresse et des vagues de chaleur ont provoqué des dégâts importants dans les forêts d'Europe centrale et occidentale. Cet article rend compte de l'impact de la sécheresse et de la canicule sur les populations d'insectes forestiers dans le contexte de cet évènement exceptionnel. Les observations des fluctuations de populations des principaux insectes ravageurs des forêts européennes sont présentées et discutées en regard des connaissances actuelles et des théories des interactions entre sécheresse et insectes. Nous avons recherché les effets directs et indirects de la sécheresse, respectivement sur les traits d'histoire de vie et au travers des modifica...

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Insect Performance on Experimentally Stressed Woody Plants: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 420 publications

References 104 publications

Light alters the allocation of nitrogen to cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus cladocalyx

Light alters the allocation of nitrogen to cyanogenic glycosides in Eucalyptus cladocalyx

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe

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