Insect Pest Management

Dent, D. R.

doi:10.1079/9780851993409.0000

Cited by 223 publications

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“…The situation is further complicated when some terms are used synonymously by one author, for example 'classical biological control' and 'introductions' by Dent (2000), and the 'same' type of control (classical) is described by a different synonymous term ('inoculation') by another author (van Emden 1989), with the first author also regarding introductions and inoculation as being distinct and different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control and sustainable food production

Bale

Lenteren

Bigler

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

578

316

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The use of biological control for the management of pest insects pre-dates the modern pesticide era. The first major successes in biological control occurred with exotic pests controlled by natural enemy species collected from the country or area of origin of the pest (classical control). Augmentative control has been successfully applied against a range of open-field and greenhouse pests, and conservation biological control schemes have been developed with indigenous predators and parasitoids. The cost–benefit ratio for classical biological control is highly favourable (1 : 250) and for augmentative control is similar to that of insecticides (1 : 2–1 : 5), with much lower development costs. Over the past 120 years, more than 5000 introductions of approximately 2000 non-native control agents have been made against arthropod pests in 196 countries or islands with remarkably few environmental problems. Biological control is a key component of a ‘systems approach’ to integrated pest management, to counteract insecticide-resistant pests, withdrawal of chemicals and minimize the usage of pesticides. Current studies indicate that genetically modified insect-resistant Bt crops may have no adverse effects on the activity or function of predators or parasitoids used in biological control. The introduction of rational approaches for the environmental risk assessment of non-native control agents is an essential step in the wider application of biological control, but future success is strongly dependent on a greater level of investment in research and development by governments and related organizations that are committed to a reduced reliance on chemical control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control and sustainable food production

Bale

Lenteren

Bigler

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

578

316

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“…However, this is unlikely because all families were identified and, except in situations of disease transmission by specific arthropod species, arthropods in the same family with similar feeding habits generally have similar effects on their plant hosts (Bardner and Fletcher 1974;Dent 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Soroka¹,

Gossen²

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Soroka, J. J. and Gossen, B. D. 2005. Phytophagus arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 213-224. Silvertop, which is characterized by whitish, completely sterile seed heads produced on green tillers, is a common symptom in many perennial grasses. A 3-yr study of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. rubra) grown for seed production was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to investigate the cause(s) of silvertop, the impact of residue management strategies on silvertop incidence, and the impact of silvertop on seed yield. Three residue management practices were applied in the fall of the first harvest year and again the next fall, as follows: (i) burned after harvest; (ii) clipped to 1-2 cm in height and the residue removed; or (iii) mowed to 20 cm and the residue retained. Arthropods in each plot were collected weekly from May until July by sweep sampling, counted, and identified to family level or lower, and the incidence of seed heads with and without silvertop were assessed. The majority of arthropods were thrips, leafhoppers, plant bugs, mites, or grass-dwelling flies. Grass species and residue treatment strongly affected the number of reproductive tillers and levels of silvertop. Levels of silvertop were lowest in creeping bentgrass in all 3 yr of the study, while they were similar for Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Mown plots had fewer reproductive tillers, fewer heathy seed heads, and higher levels of silvertop than burned or clipped plots. However, arthropod species composition was generally similar across grass species and residue treatments. This indicates that a specific arthropod taxon may not be a critical factor in silvertop expression. The relationship between the number and composition of arthropods found and incidence of silvertop is discussed. 213-224. La coulure, qui se caractérise par la présence d'épis argentés aux graines stériles sur des talles verts, est un symptôme fréquent chez maintes graminées vivaces. Les auteurs ont entrepris une étude de trois ans sur l'agrostis stolonifère (Agrostis palustris), le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis) et la fétuque rouge traçante (Festuca rubra sous-esp. rubra) cultivés pour la production grainière à Saskatoon (Saskatchewan) dans l'espoir d'élucider la ou les causes de la coulure, d'établir l'incidence des méthodes de gestion des résidus sur la concentration d'épis argentés et de préciser l'impact de la coulure sur le rendement grainier. À cette fin, ils ont appliqué trois méthodes de gestion des résidus à l'automne de la première année de récolte puis à l'automne suivant : (i) brûlis après récolte, (ii) fauchage à une hauteur de 1 à 2 cm et enlèvement des résidus ou (iii) tonte à 20 cm sans retrait des résidus. Les arthropodes peuplant les parcelles ont été recueillis chaque semaine de mai à juillet par balayage, comptés puis identifié jusqu'à la ...

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“…Esses conhecimentos mostram-se relevantes para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de controle, compatíveis com a filosofia do manejo integrado de pragas (Dent 2000). Precetti & Parra (1981), em estudos preliminares de campo, demonstraram que os machos do bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro foram atraídos por armadilhas contendo fêmeas virgens que liberavam feromônio sexual, que foi posteriormente identificado por Francke et al (1988).…”

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Comportamento de acasalamento do bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

Michereff¹,

Filho²,

Vilela³

2007

Neotrop. entomol.

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-Despite the importance of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) in coffee production worldwide, there is a lack of information on its reproductive biology. This knowledge will help in mass rearing, as well as support the development of behavioral control techniques for this insect. The purpose of the study was to determine the periodicity of mating and male capture and describe the mating behavior L. coffeella. In laboratory, we observed the periodicity of mating with virgin couples of different ages, zero to five days after emergence. Male activity was studied in a 0.7 ha coffee plantation, cv. Catuaí, where Delta traps were installed at 0.5 m above ground, using either virgin females or rubber septa lured with the synthetic sex pheromone. The sequence of mating behavior was studied by making visual observations and recorded of pairs placed on individual plastic tubes. Mating occurred between 4h and 6h of photophase, when the highest frequencies involved pairs with ages of one and three days after emergence, with peak of mating occurring in 5 th hour of photophase. The young or old pairs showed significantly copulation frequency and the peak of matings advance in 1h. The highest male capture occurred at 12p.m. and 13 p.m. by traps with virgin females or traps with synthetic sex pheromone lures, respectively. L. coffeella is one insect with diurnal mating and the mating behavior was not different from what is know for other Lepidoptera species.KEY WORDS: Reproduction, calling behavior, courtship, pheromone trap RESUMO -Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) é praga-chave na cafeicultura; contudo, faltam informações sobre sua reprodução para o desenvolvimento de táticas de controle por comportamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a periodicidade de cópulas; a periodicidade de captura dos machos e caracterizar o comportamento de acasalamento de L. coffeella. A periodicidade de acasalamento foi avaliada em laboratório com casais virgens de diferentes idades, zero a cinco dias após a emergência, individualizados em tubos transparentes. A periodicidade de captura foi avaliada em café cv. Catuaí, onde foram instaladas armadilhas Delta com dois atraentes: fêmeas virgens e septos de borracha impregnados com o feromônio sexual sintético. As etapas do comportamento de acasalamento foram descritas a partir de observação direta e de filmagens de casais virgens individualizados em tubos transparentes. Os acasalamentos ocorreram entre 4h e 6h da fotofase, onde as maiores freqüências envolveram casais com idades entre um e três dias da emergência, com pico de acasalamentos na quinta hora da fotofase. Os casais recém-emergidos ou velhos mostraram significativamente menor freqüência de cópulas e o pico dos acasalamentos antecipado em 1h. A maior captura ocorreu às 12:00h e 13:00h, nas armadilhas com fêmeas virgens e feromônio sexual sintético, respectivamente. Pelos resultados, L. coffeella é um inseto com acasalamento diurno e os comportamentos de chamamento e corte seguem o padrão encontrado em outr...

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Insect Pest Management

Cited by 223 publications

References 0 publications

Biological control and sustainable food production

Biological control and sustainable food production

Phytophagous arthropods and silvertop levels associated with post-harvest residue treatments in three turfgrass species grown for seed

Comportamento de acasalamento do bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

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