Insect-Specific Viruses

Roundy, Christopher M.; Azar, Sasha R.; Rossi, Shannan L.; Weaver, Scott C.; Vasilakis, Nikos

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.10.001

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Unicellular eukaryotes identified as gut community members in different species of mosquitoes include fungi, algae, and Apicomplexa but thus far none of these organisms have been isolated from mosquitoes and cultured independently [43, 48, 54–57]. Sequence-based surveys also identify a number of viruses in mosquitoes [58, 59]. Most belong to families with small RNA genomes such as the Flaviviridae which includes species that are mosquito-vectored vertebrate pathogens [59].…”

Section: Composition Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence-based surveys also identify a number of viruses in mosquitoes [58, 59]. Most belong to families with small RNA genomes such as the Flaviviridae which includes species that are mosquito-vectored vertebrate pathogens [59]. In contrast, the absence of bacteriophages in published studies suggest either viruses infecting bacteria in the gut are underrepresented or few bacteriophages infect bacteria present in the mosquito gut.…”

Section: Composition Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes

Strand

2018

Current Opinion in Insect Science

108

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An estimated 3500 species of mosquitoes (family Culicidae) exist worldwide of which several are known vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and other vertebrates. Mosquitoes also host communities of microbes in their digestive tract that form a gut microbiota. Recent studies provide important insights on how mosquitoes acquire a gut microbiota and the community of microbes that are present. Results also indicate that the gut microbiota affects several aspects of mosquito biology. Altogether, these effects impact mosquito fitness with potential consequences for disease prevalence.

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Section: Composition Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes

Strand

2018

Current Opinion in Insect Science

108

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“…Insects are hosts to a vast variety of viruses. Some viruses are unique to insects (reviewed in Vasilakis and Tesh, 2015 ; Roundy et al , 2017 ), others (Arboviruses) are transmitted to other organisms, including animals and plants (reviewed in Blanc and Gutierrez, 2015 ; Ng and Zhou, 2015 ). Vector-borne viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika are among the most devasting illnesses to afflict humanity.…”

Section: Sand Fly and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania, microbiota and sand fly immunity

et al. 2018

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In this review, we explore the state-of-the-art of sand fly relationships with microbiota, viruses and Leishmania, with particular emphasis on the vector immune responses. Insect-borne diseases are a major public health problem in the world. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven vectors of several aetiological agents including viruses, bacteria and the trypanosomatid Leishmania, which are responsible for diseases such as viral encephalitis, bartonellosis and leishmaniasis, respectively. All metazoans in nature coexist intimately with a community of commensal microorganisms known as microbiota. The microbiota has a fundamental role in the induction, maturation and function of the host immune system, which can modulate host protection from pathogens and infectious diseases. We briefly review viruses of public health importance present in sand flies and revisit studies done on bacterial and fungal gut contents of these vectors. We bring this information into the context of sand fly development and immune responses. We highlight the immunity mechanisms that the insect utilizes to survive the potential threats involved in these interactions and discuss the recently discovered complex interactions among microbiota, sand fly, Leishmania and virus. Additionally, some of the alternative control strategies that could benefit from the current knowledge are considered.

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“…This shift may ultimately lead to the spread of CHIKV and other alphaviruses and cause future epidemics. However, as depicted by Roundy et al (90) and Powers et al (91), the close homology between CHIKV and other viruses within the family of alphaviruses suggest that they may share conserved epitopes that can induce T cell responses. Hence, some of the CHIKV-specific memory T cells can have the potential to target other alphaviruses and eliminate them.…”

Section: Utilizing Skin Resident Memory T Cells To Confer Pan-alphavimentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of T Cells in Chikungunya Virus Infection and Utilizing Their Potential in Anti-Viral Immunity

Poh

Chan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that causes hallmark debilitating polyarthralgia, fever, and rash in patients. T cell-mediated immunity, especially CD4 + T cells, are known to participate in the pathogenic role of CHIKV immunopathology. The other T cell subsets, notably CD8 + , NKT, and gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, can also contribute to protective immunity, but their effect is not actuated during the natural course of infection. This review serves to consolidate and discuss the multifaceted roles of these T cell subsets during acute and chronic phases of CHIKV infection, and highlight gaps in the current literature. Importantly, the unique characteristics of skin-resident memory T cells are outlined to propose novel prophylactic strategies that utilize their properties to provide adequate, lasting protection.

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Insect-Specific Viruses

Cited by 61 publications

References 104 publications

Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes

Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes

Leishmania, microbiota and sand fly immunity

Role of T Cells in Chikungunya Virus Infection and Utilizing Their Potential in Anti-Viral Immunity

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