Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities of Chitosan and Oligo-chitosan

Zhang, M. I.; Tan, Tianwei; Yuan, Huizhu; Rui, Changhui

doi:10.1177/0883911503039019

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, chitosan had a very high insecticidal activity against Hyalopterus pruni (Goffroy) on flowers, giving corrected mortalities between 93 and 99%. In addition, chitosan showed a 70-80% insecticidal activity against Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), and Aphis gossypii (Glover), while Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and M. persicae (Sulzer) showed a lower susceptibility to chitosan (Zhang et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among 16 derivatives, chitosan caused significant mortalities of 46, 100 and 46%, respectively . In addition, the activity of chitosan and oligo-chitosan against several plant-feeding insects was studied previously (Zhang et al 2003). The insecticidal activity of chitosan against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., was higher, with 72% mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

Badawy¹,

El-Aswad²

2012

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Badawy M.E.I., El-Aswad A.F. (2012): Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii. Plant Protect. Sci., 48: 131-141.As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, chitosan has received much attention as a biopolymer active against some agricultural pests. The, insecticidal activity of chitosans of four molecular weights (2.27 × 10 5 , 3.60 × 10 5 , 5.97 × 10 5 , and 9.47 × 10 5 g/mol) was investigated against two species of arthropod pests: oleander aphidAphis nerii and cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. In addition, the most active chitosan of 2.27 × 10 5 g/mol was chemically modified with metals of Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) to give corresponding chitosan-metal complexes. Larval mortality, growth inhibition, and antifeedant activities for third instar larvae of S. littoralis were evaluated at 4 g (a.i.) chitosan/kg diet. Chitosan of 2.27 × 10 5 g/mol and its complexes with Ni and Hg were the most active compounds. The results against A. nerii indicated that chitosans of 3.60 × 10 5 and 5.97 × 10 5 g/mol showed high activity among the different molecular weights in leaf-dip bioassay after 24 h of treatment with 48 and 49% mortalities, respectively, at 1000 mg/l. All compounds had a systemic effect against A. nerii. Chitosans of 2.27 × 10 5 , 3.60 × 10 5 , and 5.97 × 10 5 g/mol showed the highest efficacy at all concentrations tested; however, chitosan-Cu was significantly the most active among the complexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

Badawy¹,

El-Aswad²

2012

Plant Prot. Sci.

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“…One of the first findings was that chitosan is active against some insects like lepidopterous and homopterous, with a mortality of 80%, and this percentage increases when increasing oligochitosan concentration too [236].…”

Section: Bioinsecticidementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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Chitin is a big molecule composed of -beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. Both and chitin/chitosan are commercially available [5]. Sources of chitinIn the book "Chitin" published by Muzarelli in 1977, we can find a complete list of organisms that contain chitin: Fungi, Algae, Cnidaria (jellyfish), Aschelminthes (round worm), Entoprocta, Bryozoa (Moss or lace animals, Phoronida (Horseshoe worms), Brachiopoda(Lamp shells), Echiruda, Annelida (Segmented worms), Mollusca, Arthropoda and Ponogophora [6]). Herring, P.J in 1979 wrote that chitin is the main component of arthropod exoskeletons, tendons, and the linings of their respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems, as well as insects external structure and some fungi. It is also found in the reflective material (iridophores) of both epidermis and eyes of arthropods and cephalopods (phylum: Mollusca) and the epidermal cuticle of the vertebrate Paralipophrys trigloides (fish) is also chitinous [7,8]. The main commercial sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimp, lobsters, crabs and krill. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is composed of alternating antiparallel polysaccharide strands and is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. -Chitin is by far the most abundant; it occurs in fungal and yeast cell walls, krill, lobster and crab tendons and shells, shrimp shells, and insect cuticle. The rarer -chitin is composed of parallel strands of polysaccharides, is found in association with proteins in squid pens [9,10] and in the tubes synthesized by pogonophoran and vestimetiferan worms [11,12]. It also occurs in aphrodite chaetae [13] as well as in the lorica, built by some seaweeds or protozoa [14,15,16]. And 2 parallel chains alternating with an antiparallel strand constitute gamma chitin and are found in fungi [15].

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“…As the inhibition process takes place, the medium shifted toward alkalinity which reduces the effectiveness of the chitosan [55] . Inhibition rate in order of 80% against plant fungus such as Phomopsis asparagi and as high as 95% against Fusarium oxysporum, Cucumernum owen, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum have been, however, known to occur with low chitosan concentration (20-150 mg.L -1 ) [56] .…”

Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan

2009

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Chitosan, a versatile hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from chitin, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum to which gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi are highly susceptible. In the current review, three possible and accepted antimicrobial mechanisms for chitosan are presented and briefly discussed. The activity dependence on polymeric molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation (DA) are described. The chitosan minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are summarized according to recent data found in the literature. The potential to improve inhibitory growth of bacteria by using water soluble chitosan derivatives is also discussed. The data indicate that the effectiveness of chitosan varies and is dependent on species of target microorganisms.

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Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities of Chitosan and Oligo-chitosan

Cited by 109 publications

References 6 publications

Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan

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