Insecticidal effect of juglone and its disturbance analysis in metabolic profiles of Aphis gossypii glover using 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach

Agricultural Uses of Juglone: Opportunities and Challenges

“…Toxic effects, such as weight reduction, antifeedant activity, deterioration of morphology and sexual development, and reduction in egg hatching, of juglone and other naphthoquinones on certain phytophagous insects have been widely reported [25,[37][38][39][40]. The melon or cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is a major insect pest of cotton, melon, pumpkin, pepper, and tomato worldwide [41], causing damage to crops through direct feeding, photosynthesis inhibition, and acting as a viral vector [42,43].…”

“…To control the pest, large amounts of chemical insecticides are applied every year, which has led to broad-spectrum resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides [45]. Using NMR-based "metabonomics," a subset of metabolomics in which metabolomes are measured and mathematically modelled, Lv et al [25], found that juglone causes physiological disturbances in A. gossypii hemolymph that may underly its insecticidal properties.…”

“…Perhaps most notably, juglone exhibits inhibitory effects on several weed species [19], as characterized by effects like leaf wilting and yellowing or damaging the roots through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) together with calcium accumulation resulting to death [20,21]. Juglone is also reported as being lethal to larval development and insect flight muscle mitochondria, to have sedative effects on fish and other animals, to have mutagenic, carcinogenic, and lethal effects on animal cells, and to have repellent, antifeedant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties [19,[22][23][24][25][26]. However, toxicity of juglone varies depending on several factors, such as the donor plant species, quantity released and amount accumulated, soil pH, texture, and organic matter content [27,28].…”

Effects of Juglone on the Antioxidant Metabolism in the Larval Hemolymph of the Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…In the meantime, MDA amount in the larval hemolymph at LC30 juglone was similar to that observed in the untreated larvae. Studies reported that juglone and various other naphthoquinones have negative effects on the biological properties of insects such growth, development, and reproduction (Sun et al, 2007;Sorokin and Whitaker, 2008;Hu et al, 2017;Lv et al, 2018;Altuntaş et al, 2020). It is also showed that several phenolic compounds like juglone alter the detoxification mechanism of insects (Felton et al, 1989;Felton and Duffey, 1991;Thiboldeaux et al, 1998;Felton and Summers, 1995;Krishnan and Kodrik, 2006;Altuntaş, 2015aAltuntaş, , 2015bAltuntaş et al, 2020;).…”

…Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees

“…Magiri et al [334] has showed that juglone inhibited respiration in the Glossina morsitans mitochondria. Using metabolomics analysis, it was demonstrated that the juglone caused a disturbance of the Apis gossypii physiology by affecting its hemolymph metabolomic profile [335]. Finally, Hu et al [336] found that juglone inhibits phenoloxidase activity in haemolymph of larvae of Pieris rapae Linne and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner.…”