Insecticide Effects on Early Succession in an Old Field Ecosystem

Shure, Donald J.

doi:10.2307/1934585

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A common critique of using chemical suppression on insects is that effects on non‐target organisms can lead to incorrect interpretations (Wall & Reichman, 2000). Organisms other than insects were affected by some insecticides in this analysis (Shure, 1971; Clements et al ., 1982). All papers were recorded whose authors reported effects on earthworms or nematodes, or used an insecticide for which such non‐target effects were found in another study, as this was the most common non‐target effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities: a meta‐analysis

Coupe

Cahill

2003

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. 1. The effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities were investigated in a meta-analysis. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) the effect of insects on primary production depends on community type, (2) the effect of insects on primary production varies as a function of productivity, (3) insects have a greater effect on primary production in communities with low species diversity, and (4) insects have a larger effect on primary production during outbreaks.2. Data were collected from 24 studies in which insecticides were used to suppress insects in self-sown or pastoral communities. Effect sizes were calculated from sprayed and control plot standing crop or yield, expressed as the log response ratio, ln (sprayed plot phytomass/control plot phytomass).3. There was a significant increase in primary production as a result of insect suppression. Forb-dominated communities showed a more variable response than graminoid communities. During outbreaks, insects had a greater negative impact on primary production. Effect size was unaffected by productivity or plant species richness.4. Although insects lower primary production in a diversity of temperate herbaceous communities, the basic measures by which such communities are often described have little effect on the proportional impact that insects have on primary production. While outbreaks are significant predictors of higher negative impact on primary production, causes of outbreaks are not always related to traits of the plant community.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities: a meta‐analysis

Coupe

Cahill

2003

Ecological Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Barrett (1968), Malone ( 1969) and Shure ( 1971) attacked the problem by attempting to disrupt upper trophic levels with toxic substances. Barrett (1968), Malone ( 1969) and Shure ( 1971) attacked the problem by attempting to disrupt upper trophic levels with toxic substances.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Types Of Perturbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability in Relation to Nutrient Enrichment in Arthropod Consumers of Old‐Field Successional Ecosystems

Hurd¹,

Wolf²

1974

Ecological Monographs

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two adjacent, abandoned hayfields in central New York State were subjected to nutrient enrichment perturbation by means of a single application of 10-10-10 N, P, K fertilizer early in the growing season of 1970. Aboveground arthropod herbivores and carnivores were monitored with respect to net productivity (dB/dt) and diversity for one growing season (1970) in the younger field (6 yr old), and for two growing seasons (1970 and 1971) in the older field (17 and 18 yr old). Sampling of arthropods was done with a gasolinepowered suction sampler between 1200 and 1600 h, twice weekly.Stability of the old-field arthropods was defined as resistance to change imposed by external (fertilizer) perturbation and was measured in terms of (1) magnitude (amplitude of deflection from ground state, (2) rate of initial response to perturbation, and (3) rate of damping or return to ground state. The degree of deflection from ground state was determined by comparing fertilized (treated) plots with unfertilized (control) plots in each field.During the first growing season the older, more species-rich field was less stable with respect to magnitude and rate of productivity deflection than the younger, less species-rich field at both arthropod consumer levels. In addition, the magnitude of productivity deflection from ground state was lower in the carnivore level than in the herbivore trophic level.By the second growing season, the productivity of the arthropod consumers in the treated plots of the older field had not yet returned to control levels. The productivity of arthropod herbivores in the older field exhibited a relatively lower magnitude of response in 1971 than in 1970, while the arthropod carnivores in the older field exhibited a significantly greater difference from ground state in 1971 than in 1970.It was concluded that ( 1) the magnitude of deflection caused by the enrichment perturbation was decreased up the trophic levels from the herbivore to the carnivore level, (2) the rate of response to perturbation decreased up the trophic levels, and (3) although in control plots diversity increased and productivity decreased with increasing successional age for both trophic levels, stability was not positively related to either higher diversity or to increasing age in either consumer trophic level in this old-field successional ecosystem.

show abstract

“…Interference with enzyme pathways may reduce seed germination and plant growth (Shure, 1971). Furthermore, these effects may be speciesspecific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticides and Arable Weeds: Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth

Hanley

Whiting

2005

Ecotoxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The decline of many arable weed species in Northern Europe has been attributed to the intensification of modern agriculture and in particular, increasing pesticide use. In this study, we examined the effect of two insecticides, dimethoate and deltamethrin, on the germination and seedling growth of six arable weed species. Although germination was unaffected by insecticide application, seedling growth of four species was decreased by exposure to deltamethrin (Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua), dimethoate (Agrostemma githago), or by both insecticides together (Urtica urens). While increased herbicide use, seed cleaning, and changing sowing times may be of primary importance in explaining the reduction of northern Europe's arable weed flora, our results indicate that insecticide use may also be a contributory factor. Moreover, those species that exhibit apparent tolerance of the insecticides tested, particularly the grass Avena fatua, may benefit from continued insecticide use. The ability to tolerate these agrochemicals, in tandem with reduced herbivory and competition from plants, whose growth is reduced by insecticide application, is likely to confer a significant competitive advantage on insecticide-resistant weed species.

show abstract

Insecticide Effects on Early Succession in an Old Field Ecosystem

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities: a meta‐analysis

Effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities: a meta‐analysis

Stability in Relation to Nutrient Enrichment in Arthropod Consumers of Old‐Field Successional Ecosystems

Insecticides and Arable Weeds: Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About