Insecticide resistance in two populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey

Abstract

SummaryIn this study, the resistance of two (Aydın and Urla) populations of T. absoluta against five commonly used insecticides (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone) were determined. Further, the activity of insecticide detoxifying enzymes [gluthation-S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST)] was also evaluated to confirm the resistance. Aydın population of T. absoluta had higher resistant values 8-fold, 3.79-fold, 6.4-fold and 1.84-fold for indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole, respectively against all insecticides except azadirachtin compared to the Urla population. It was determined that in comparison with T.absoluta population from Aydın, the Urla population can be more susceptible to other insecticides except azadirachtin. GST enzyme activity was 1.5-fold higher in Aydın than the Urla populations, however, EST enzyme had similar activity in both the populations. The results of study imply that T. absoluta populations from Aydın (Turkey) can be resistant against indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spinosad and chlorantraniliprole. Increased GST enzyme activity in resistant populations confirms this resistance development. Insecticides of plant origin like azadirachtin, for which least insecticide resistance was recorded, may be applied in combination with other methods to effectively control T.absoluta. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, resistance, enzymes, leaf dip ÖzetBu çalışmada T. absoluta'nın iki populasyonunun (Aydın ve Urla) en çok kullanılan 5 insektisite karşı (indoxacarb, spinosad, azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprol ve metaflumizon) direnç durumları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca detoksifikasyon enzimlerinin [glutation-S-transferaz (GST) ve esteraz (EST)] aktiviteleri de direnci doğrulamak için saptanmıştır. T.absoluta Aydın populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı (Urla populasyonuna göre) sırasıyla indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantaraniliprol'e karşı 8, 3.79, 6.4 ve 1.84 kat direnç geliştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Aydın populasyonu ile karşılaştırıldığında Urla populasyonunun azadirachtin hariç diğer insektisitlere karşı daha duyarlı olabileceği saptanmıştır. GST enzim aktivitesi Urla populasyonuna göre Aydın populasyonunda 1.5-kat fazla iken, EST enzimi için her iki populasyonda benzer sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Aydın (Türkiye)'dan alınan bir T. absoluta populasyonunun indoxacarb, metaflumizon, spinosad ve chlorantraniliprol'e karşı dirençli olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Dirençli populasyondaki artan GST enzim aktivitesi, bu direnç gelişimini doğrulamaktadır. En az insektisit direnci rapor edilmiş olan bitkisel kaynaklı insektisit azadirachtin diğer metodlarla birlikte bu zararlının etkili bir şekilde kontrol edilmesinde uygulanabilir.

Insecticide susceptibility level and control failure likelihood estimation of Sub‐Saharan African populations of tomato leafminer: Evidence from Burkina Faso

“…Spinosad and abamectin show low LC50 values (<0.60 mg/L) and high slope values (>1.0). Similar LC50 values were obtained for abamectin in Turkey and Brazil (Siqueira et al, 2001; Silva et al, 2011, 2016b; Konuş, 2014; Barati et al, 2018) and for spinosad in Iran, Greece, Spain, Brazil, and Turkey (Campos et al, 2015a; Yalçin et al, 2015; Silva et al, 2016a; Roditakis et al, 2017a, 2018; Barati et al, 2018). The relatively lower expression of resistance against abamectin could be explained by the fact that this product is used at lower doses in the field, is typically used to control mites and is more rapidly degraded in the environment with low bioaccumulation (Clark et al, 1995).…”

Pathogenicity of some commercial formulations of entomopathogenic fungi on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

“…Different letters above the means + SD bars indicate significant difference within the same bioassay according to Tukey test (p < 0.05) (2013) in three laboratories belonging to the three different countries, Greece, Italy, and Spain. In Turkey, the resistance of T. absoluta to five commonly used insecticides, spinosad, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, and chlorantraniliprole, was also recorded by Yalçin et al (2015). In the all three bioassays, the lowest LT 50 values were recorded by Metatech® WP, followed by Beauvitech® WP, Botanigard® ES and imidacloprid, respectively (Fig.…”

“…1). The limited efficiency of imidacloprid could be due to the ability of T. absoluta to develop resistant strains to the frequently used synthetic insecticides (Yalçin et al 2015;Biondi et al 2018). Likewise, the resistance of T. absoluta to indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole was detected by Roditakis et al Fig.…”

“…T. absoluta control in Rwanda is mainly based on chemical insecticides; which affects the populations of beneficial organisms, especially pollinators and natural enemies and causes water pollution and disturbance of aquatic ecosystems as well as human health problems (Shalaby et al 2013). Furthermore, the continuous use of chemical pesticides has been reported to result in the build-up of resistant biotype populations of T. absoluta (Yalçin et al 2015).…”

Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ile biyolojik mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması

“…Yalçın et al (2015) reported that T. absoluta populations obtained from the Aydın Province of Turkey had higher resistance; up to 8, 3.79 and 6.4 times for indoxacarb, metaflumizone and spinosad, respectively. Therefore, research on alternative methods for controlling this pest has become a necessity.…”