Insecurities about crime in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: A review of research findings

Gerber, Mónica M.; Hirtenlehner, Helmut; Jackson, Jonathan

doi:10.1177/1477370809356871

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Other studies on immigration-related topics, using survey and other data, have also relied on Austria, Germany, and Switzerland (e.g. Dolezal et al 2010;Gerber et al 2010) or used individual-level data from similar, small groups of comparable countries (e.g. Ersanilli and Ruud 2011;Immerzeel et al 2013).…”

Section: Immigrant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration: The Role of Regional Context and Individual Predispositions

Karreth¹,

Singh²,

Stojek³

2015

West European Politics

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Existing research makes competing predictions and yields contradictory findings about the relationships between natives' exposure to immigrants and their attitudes toward immigration. Engaging this disjuncture, this article argues that individual predispositions moderate the impact of exposure to immigrants on negative attitudes toward immigrants. Negative attitudes toward immigration are more likely among individuals who are most sensitive to such threats. Because country-level studies are generally unable to appropriately measure the immigration context in which individuals form their attitudes, this article uses a newly collected dataset on regional immigration patterns in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to test the argument. The data show that increasing and visible diversity is associated with negative attitudes toward immigrants, but only among natives on the political right. This finding improves the understanding of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration and has implications for the study of attitudes toward other policies and for immigration policy itself.The relationship between the presence of immigrants and citizens' attitudes toward immigrants and migration policies is uncertain and frequently debated. One perspective represented in many studies suggests that 'an increase in the percentage of ethnic minority members … reduces the majority's prejudice' (Wagner et al. 2006: 380). Another group of studies contradicts this finding, as exemplified by Quillian (1995: 602): 'prejudice is more likely when there is a large foreign presence'. These divergent findings align with the competing predictions from theories of natives' attitudes towards immigrants. Ethnic competition theory and realistic group conflict theory see exposure to outgroups, especially those from ethnically and culturally distinct origins, as leading to anti-immigrant attitudes among natives (Quillian 1995). Conversely, intergroup contact theory (e.g. Allport 1954) argues that larger outgroup populations can engender positive attitudes, although the eponymous 'contact' mechanism takes time to develop and its benefits are conditional on relative socioeconomic equality. On a different

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Section: Immigrant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration: The Role of Regional Context and Individual Predispositions

Karreth¹,

Singh²,

Stojek³

2015

West European Politics

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“…The profound social, economic and political changes that occurred after the fall of communism may have also contributed to an increased fear of crime 28. This has been seen in postcommunist eastern Germany, for example, where a steep increase in fear of crime was attributed to broader socio-economic fears about the future rather than simply increased victimisation 29. In addition, other factors may be working to exacerbate these fears in the region such as the high levels of distrust in the police 30–32.…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of concern about crime on levels of psychological distress in the former Soviet Union

Roberts

Stickley

Petticrew

2010

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…La paradoja victimización-miedo fundamentada empíricamente (Taylor & Hale, 1986;Tulloch, Jennet, & Enders, 1998), ha encontrado evidencia en la pertenencia a grupos sociales más vulnerables tales como las mujeres o los ancianos, cuya mayor vulnerabilidad reside en condiciones físicas; o en los pobres, que son más vulnerables por el hecho de vivir en lugares donde la inseguridad objetiva es más alta (Briceño-León & Ávila, 2009;Farrall et al, 2007;Gerber et al, 2010;Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2010;Provea, 2010;Taylor & Hale, 1986). Y en las mujeres, la paradoja victimización-miedo ha sido señalada hace ya tiempo.…”

Section: Perspectiva De Victimización Y Vulnerabilidad: Una Paradojaunclassified

“…Según esta perspectiva el miedo al crimen es inseparable y dependiente de la comunidad (Farrall et al, 2007;Ferraro, 1995;Garland, 2001;Garofalo & Laub, 1978;Gerber et al, 2010;LaGrange, Ferrraro, & Supancic, 1992;Maxfield, 1987;Taylor & Hale, 1986). También los medios de comunicación tienen un impacto en la percepción de la inseguridad al informar, a menudo, sobre los crímenes más violentos.…”

Section: Factores Sociales Que Influyen En El Miedo Al Crimenunclassified

“…Ferraro (1995) definió el miedo al crimen cómo una "respuesta emocional de nerviosismo o ansiedad por el delito o símbolos que la persona asocia al delito" y también ha sido definida como una respuesta de estrés (Vuanello, 2006). Entonces se debería diferenciar entre las facetas afectivas y cognitivas, y las facetas físicas y conductivas (Gerber et al, 2010;Tulloch et al, 1998;Vozmediano, San Juan, & Vergara, 2008). Por lo tanto, una sola pregunta tal como la pregunta típica, no puede captar el miedo al crimen en toda su dimensión.…”

Section: Factores Sociales Que Influyen En El Miedo Al Crimenunclassified

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Miedo al crimen en estudiantes de la ciudad de Caracas

Liebnitzky

Montero

2013

Psicol. Soc.

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RESUMENSe midió el miedo al crimen en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios, centrándose en inseguridad subjetiva y paradoja victimización-miedo, que considera que la inseguridad subjetiva no refleja a la objetiva. Se buscaba saber si esa paradoja existía en los estudiantes y si las teorías explicativas serían útiles. Se comparó el nivel de miedo al crimen con dos ciudades Latinoamericanas, empleando un diseño de secciones-cruzadas, usando el Cuestionario de Inseguridad Urbana, y elementos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Las mujeres presentaron más miedo al crimen que los varones, resultado significativo sólo para la escala fisiológica. Nivel socioeconómico bajo presentó menos miedo al crimen que niveles medios. Victimización previa no hace diferencias en miedo al crimen, mayor en Lima y San Luis, que en Caracas. Inseguridad objetiva es muy alta y el miedo es bajo en comparación. La paradoja está invertida en el grupo. Se propone el concepto de habituación como hipótesis para explicarlo.Palabras claves: miedo al crimen; inseguridad subjetiva; inseguridad urbana; paradoja victimización-miedo; habituación. RESUMOA pesquisa mede os efeitos do medo ao crime num grupo de estudantes universitários. Os conceitos centrais são inseguridade subjetiva e o paradoxo vitimização-medo, que considera que inseguridade subjetiva não reflete à inseguridade objetiva. Procurava-se saber se o paradoxo estava presente nos sujeitos e, se as teorias explicadoras seriam uteis ou não neste caso. Utilizou-se um desenho de seções cruzadas combinando elementos quantitativos e qualitativos, sendo o principal o Questionário de Inseguridade Urbana. Mulheres apresentaram mais medo do crime que homens, mas não foi significativo. No nível socioeconômico baixo há menor medo ao crime do que nos níveis altos. A vitimização previa não faz diferença no medo ao crime. Inseguridade objetiva foi muito alta, mas o medo e baixo por comparação com dados de Lima e do São Luis. E interessante que o paradoxo victimização-medo seja invertido no grupo. Para explicar isso o conceito de habituação e proposto como hipótese.Palavras-chave: medo ao crime; inseguridade subjetiva; inseguridade urbana; paradoxo victimização-medo; habituação. ABSTRACTEffects of fear of crime were measured in 70 undergraduate students, to know whether subjective insecurity and victimization-fear paradox, were affecting them. This paradox considers perception of insecurity as higher than would be expected, according to objective insecurity. Levels of fear of crime in Caracas were compared with two Latin American cities. Cross-sectional descriptive design was used along with quantitative and qualitative elements and standardized 'Questionnaire of Urban Insecurity'. Women showed more fear of crime than men, a result significant only for the physiological scale. The lower social-economic level showed less fear of crime than middle social-economic level. Victimization does not make differences in fear of crime. It is higher in Lima and San Luis than in Caracas. The paradox was inversed in our gr...

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Insecurities about crime in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: A review of research findings

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration: The Role of Regional Context and Individual Predispositions

Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration: The Role of Regional Context and Individual Predispositions

The influence of concern about crime on levels of psychological distress in the former Soviet Union

Miedo al crimen en estudiantes de la ciudad de Caracas

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